油菜蜂花粉粉碎后经体积分数90%乙醇回流提取,浓缩后依次经石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取,得到石油醚萃取物、乙酸乙酯萃取物、正丁醇萃取物以及萃余物4个部分。其中石油醚萃取物和乙酸乙酯萃取物具有明显的抗氧作用,并能显著降低D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠肝组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量(P<0.05)和脑组织中单胺氧化酶(MAO)活力(P<0.05)。从石油醚萃取物得到物质主要为3个亚麻酸类化合物,分别为:α-亚麻酸、α-亚麻酸甘油酯、3'-甲氧基-α-亚麻酸甘油酯,从乙酸乙酯萃取物得到的主要物质为3个黄酮类化合物分别为山奈酚-3-O-β-D吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。表明油菜蜂花粉中抗氧化性活性成分主要为亚麻酸类和黄酮类化合物。

Rape bee pollen was powdered and extracted by 90% ethanol under reflux.The dried 90% ethanol extract was then re-dissolved in water and extracted by petroleum ether,ethyl acetate and n-butyl alcohol.We found that petroleum ether extract and ethyl acetate extract has significant antioxidant activity,and can significantly reduce liver malondialdehyde( MDA) content( P < 0.05) and brain monoamine oxidase( MAO) activity( P < 0.05) of the D-galactose induced aging mice.Three linolenic acid compounds were obtained from the petroleum ether extracts,: α-linolenic acid,α-linolenic acid ester,3'-methoxy-α-linolenic acid esters.Three flavonoids were isolated from ethyl acetate extract: kaempferol-3-O-β-D glucopyranosyl( 1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside,quercetin-3-O-β-D- glucopyranoside,kaempferol-3-O-β-D- glucopyranoside.The results showed that the antioxidant active ingredients in rape bee pollen are mainly linolenic acid compounds and flavonoids.