为高效提取火麻籽油,在探索火麻籽预处理条件的基础上,探究了预处理辅助水代法提取火麻籽油的工艺技术。结果表明,火麻籽经过酸浸超声波协同预处理后,在经过3次剪切粉碎和7次精细粉碎后粒径可减小至12.13 μm左右,显著提高了水代法提取火麻籽油的提油率,清油得率从预处理前的47.41%提高到82.23%,乳状液和渣相中油脂含量分别降至12.30%和2.14%。进一步优化水代法的工艺条件后,在料液比1∶3(g∶mL),pH 10.0,提取温度60 ℃,提取时间1.5 h条件下,乳状液经枯草杆菌蛋白酶破乳后,总油得率达到95.36%。后续实验表明,酸浸超声辅助水代法得到的火麻籽油各项理化品质良好,符合国家标准;脂肪酸组成与对照组无显著性差异。该研究为高效提取火麻籽油和利用火麻资源提供了一种新思路,具有广阔的应用前景。
To efficiently extract hempseed oil, this study explored the pretreatment conditions of hempseed and explored the technology of extracting hemp seed oil by pretreatment-assisted aqueous extraction processing. Aqueous extraction processing (AEP) is an environmentally friendly method to extract oil from various plants at a moderate temperature. The results showed that the particle size of hempseed was reduced to 12.13 μm after three times of shearing and 7 times of fine grinding after ultrasonic-assisted acid immersion, which significantly improved the extraction of hempseed oil by AEP. Free oil yield increased from 47.41% to 82.23% after pretreatment, and the oil in emulsion and sediment phase decreased by 12.30% and 2.14% respectively. The process optimization results of AEP were as follows: solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶3 (g∶mL), pH 10.0, extraction temperature at 60 ℃ and extraction for 1.5 h, the total oil yield reached 95.36% after the emulsion was demulsified by subtilisin. Experiments showed that the physicochemical quality of hempseed oil obtained by AEP with ultrasonic-assisted acid immersion was good and in line with national standards. There was no significant difference in fatty acid composition between the pretreatment and the control group. This research provides a new idea for the efficient extraction of hempseed oil and utilization of hemp resources, which has broad application prospects.
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