伴随着全球人口尤其是中等收入人群的急剧增长,传统养殖业难以满足人类快速增长的肉制品消费量。人造肉技术是当下欧美发达国家商业化应用最为成熟的食品科技之一,可以有效解决人类肉制品生产与消费困境,我国已涌现出一批人造肉初创企业。文章梳理分析了国内外人造肉行业发展现状、技术趋势、竞争格局等关键问题,探究我国人造肉行业发展瓶颈与机会,并提出发展对策与建议。
Along with rapid growth of world population,especially secondary earners,it’s getting more and more difficult to satisfy the needs of meat consumption.Artificial meat technology is one of the matures food technology applications in developed countries in America and Europe at present,which could solve the dilemma about meat production and consumption.And meanwhile,a number of well-known startups have emerged in China.This article combs commercial and technology development trend of global artificial meat industry,searches for bottlenecks that restrict China artificial meat industry development,and puts forward policy suggestions.
[1] 李宏彪,张国强,周景文.合成生物学在食品领域的应用[J].生物产业技术,2019(4):5-10.
LI H B,ZHANG G Q,ZHOU J W.Applications of synthetic biology in food industry[J].Biotechnology & Business,2019(4):5-10.
[2] OECD,FAO.OECD-FAO Agricultural Outlook 2 020-2029[M].Paris:OECD,2020.
[3] 祝宏辉,赵瑞彤.人造肉技术的生态与经济研究进展及展望[J].食品与发酵工业,2020,46(20):268-273.
ZHU H H,ZHAO R T.Research progress and future prospects of ecological and economic impacts of cultured meat technology[J].Food and Fermentation Industries,2020,46(20):268-273.
[4] GERBER P J,STEINFELD H,HENDERSON B,et al.Tackling climate change through livestock-A global assessment of emissions and mitigation opportunities[M].Rome:FAO,2013.
[5] TUOMISTO H L,MARIANNE J E,PALLE H.Environmental impacts of cultured meat:Alternative production scenario[C].International Conference on Life Cycle Assessment in the Agri-food Sector,2014.
[6] HELLER,MARTIN C,GREGORY A K.Beyond meat’s beyond burger life cycle assessment:A detailed comparison between a plant-based and an animal-based protein source[R].Ann Arbor:Center for Sustainable Systems of University of Michigan,2018.
[7] 汪超,刘元法,周景文.细胞培养肉的生物伦理学思考[J].生物工程学报,2021,37(2):378-383.
WANG C,LIU Y F,ZHOU J W.Bioethical considerations of cell-cultured meat[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2021,37(2):378-383.
[8] 王守伟,李石磊,李莹莹,等.人造肉分类与命名分析及规范建议[J].食品科学,2020,41(11):310-316.
WANG S W,LI S L,LI Y Y,et al.Classification of artificial meat and suggestions on normalization of nomenclature for related terms[J].Food Science,2020,41(11):310-316.
[9] 王圣楠,马月辉,赵桂苹,等.人造肉类技术特点和需求分析[J].畜牧兽医学报,2020,51(11):2 641-2 650.
WANG S N,MA Y H,ZHAO G P,et al.Technical characteristics and demand analysis of artificial meat[J].Acta Veterinaria Et Zootechnica Sinica,2020,51(11):2 641-2 650.
[10] 张国强,赵鑫锐,李雪良,等.动物细胞培养技术在人造肉研究中的应用[J].生物工程学报,2019,35(8):1 374-1 381.
ZHANG G Q,ZHAO X R,LI X L,et al.Application of cell culture techniques in cultured meat-A review[J].Chinese Journal of Biotechnology,2019,35(8):1 374-1 381.
[11] DEKKERS B L,BOOM R M,VAN DER GOOT A J.Structuring processes for meat analogues[J].Trends in Food Science & Technology,2018,81:25-36.
[12] 刘业学,王稳航.从肌肉的组织结构和生成机制探讨“人造肉”开发的仿生技术[J].中国食品学报,2020,20(8):295-307.
LIU Y X,WANG W H.Discussion on the bioinspiration technology of 'artificial meat' from the structure and growth mechanism of muscles[J].Journal of Chinese Institute of Food Science and Technology,2020,20(8):295-307.
[13] 赵鑫锐,王志新,邓宇,等.人造肉生产技术相关专利分析[J].食品与发酵工业,2020,46(5):299-305.
ZHAO X R,WANG Z X,DENG Y,et al.The analysis of patents related to the production of artificial meat[J].Food and Fermentation Industries,2020,46(5):299-305.
[14] 朱芙蓉,黄俊逸,张志,等.多糖在人造肉制备中的应用研究[J].食品工业科技,2021,42(24):376-382.
ZHU F R,HUANG J Y,ZHANG Z,et al.Research on the Application of Polysaccharides in the Preparation of Artificial Meat[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry,2021,42(24):376-382.
[15] 董斌,王欣,胡璐璐,等.国内外人造肉研究现状分析与对策研究[J].农业与技术,2020,40(10):83-86.
DONG B,WANG X,HU L L,et al.Actuality analysis and countermeasure study of global artificial meat[J].Agriculture & Technology,2020,40(10):83-86.
[16] FRASER R,BROWN P O,KARR J,et al.Methods and compositions for affecting the flavor and aroma profile of consumables:US9700067[P].2 017-07-11.
[17] ZHAO X R,ZHOU J W,DU G C,et al.Recent advances in the microbial synthesis of hemoglobin[J].Trends in Biotechnology,2021,39(3):286-297.
[18] Research and Markets.Meatglobal industry almanac 2015-2024[R/OL].Dublin,2020.https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5215042/meat-global-industry-almanac-2015-2024.
[19] VAN LOO E J,CAPUTO V,LUSK J L.Consumer preferences for farm-raised meat,lab-grown meat,and plant-based meat alternatives:Does information or brand matter?[J].Food Policy,2020,95:101931.
