晶体结构类型对淀粉粒结构与功能性质具有显著影响,该研究以6种药食两用淀粉为材料,测定了淀粉粒晶体类型、颗粒形态、直链淀粉含量、粒度分布、溶胀力、溶解度、热力学性质,并分析了结构特性差异对体外消化特性的影响。结果表明,淀粉粒晶体类型分为A(薏苡,芡实),B(贝母,百合)和C(葛根,山药),不同晶型淀粉粒理化性质差异明显。淀粉粒形状主要为球形、椭球形和多角形;在测定的指标中,结晶度表现为A型>C型>B型淀粉;葛根淀粉具有含量最高的快速消化淀粉(rapidly digestible starch,RDS),慢消化淀粉(slowly digestible starch,SDS),总体呈现为A型>B型淀粉,抗性淀粉(resistant starch,RS)表现为B型>A型淀粉,C型淀粉中葛根为CA型,山药为CB型,所以其含量也分别接近A型和B型淀粉。其他几项指标中淀粉粒均呈现B型>C型>A型的趋势。
Crystal structure has a significant effect on the functional properties of starch granules. In this study, six kinds of medicinal and edible starch were used as materials to determine the crystal type, particle morphology, amylose content, particle size distribution, swelling power, solubility and thermodynamic properties of starch granules. The effects of structural characteristics on digestion characteristics in vitro were analyzed. The results showed that the crystal types of starch granules were divided into A (coix seed, Euryale ferox), B (fritillaria, lily) and C (kudzu, yam). The physicochemical properties of starch granules with different crystal types were significantly different. The starch granules were mainly spherical, ellipsoidal and polygonal. Among the measured indicators, the degree of crystallinity was A type>C type>B type starch. Pueraria lobata starch had the highest rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS) was generally A-type > B-type starch. Resistant starch (RS) was B-type>A-type starch, C-type starch is CA type in Pueraria lobata, and CB type. Its content was closed to C and B type starch. For the other indicators starch granules showed the tendency of B-type>C-type>A-type.
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