为阐明发酵果蔬汁的物质基础,考察其通便及调节肠道菌群的作用,文章基于超高效液相色谱-四级杆静电场轨道阱质谱系统,分析发酵果蔬汁的物质组成规律,通过数据库比对,共鉴定出32种化合物,包括黄酮类、酚酸类、有机酸类、糖类等物质。采用BALB/c成年雄性小鼠,考察发酵果蔬汁对小鼠排便时间、排便量及肠道菌群的影响。结果表明,与模型组相比,中剂量干预组可以显著缩短首粒黑便时间,由模型组的(111±19) min缩短为(92±15) min;6 h黑便粒数在低、中、高剂量干预组中分别为(20.83±5.98)、(21.82±5.89)和(27.70±5.11),呈明显剂量依赖性,且均高于模型对照组(19.17±2.52)。肠道菌群分析显示,发酵果蔬汁改变肠道菌群丰富度及多样性;中剂量干预组中,厌氧棒状菌属(Anaerostipes)、分节丝状菌属(Candidatus Arthromitus)、普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)等菌的相对丰度升高,Mucispirillum属、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)、理研菌科(Rikenellaceae)、嗜胆菌属(Bilophila)等相对丰度降低。发酵果蔬汁干预有助于促进小鼠肠道蠕动和提高排便量,且肠道菌群从肉食型向植食型转变,对肠道具有保护作用的菌属相对丰度增加,而与肠道炎症等相关的菌属相对丰度减少。
In order to clarify the material basis and the effect of defecation and regulation of gut microbiota. Ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to analyze the composition of fermented fruit and vegetable juice. Relative data have shown that 32 compounds including flavonoids, phenolic acids, organic acids and saccharides were identified using the database library. BALB/c adult male mice were used to investigate the effect of fermented fruit and vegetable juice on defecation time, defecation volume and intestinal flora of mice, and to explore the influence of gut microbiota. Compared with the model control group, the medium dose intervention group could significantly shorten the time of first black stool[(111±19) min to (92±15) min]. The number of black stools at 6 h in the low-dose, medium-dose and high-dose intervention groups was (20.83±5.98),(21.82±5.89) and (27.70±5.11), respectively,higher than that in model control group, (19.17±2.52). The defecation volume was obviously dose-dependent. Intestinal flora results showed that fermented fruit and vegetable juice changed the richness and diversity of intestinal flora. The relative abundance of Anaerostipes, Candidatus Arthromitus, Prevotella increased, while the relative abundance of Mucispirillum, Bacteroides, Oscillospira, Rikenellaceae and Bilophila decreased. The results indicated that fermented fruit and vegetable juice intervention can promote intestinal peristalsis and increase defecation volume of mice, the intestinal flora changed from carnivorous type to herbivorous type, and the relative abundance of bacteria with protective effect on the intestinal tract increased, while the relative abundance of bacteria related to intestinal inflammation decreased.
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