蔬菜中真菌毒素污染比较普遍,给农产品和食品质量安全带来了一定的潜在风险。本研究分析了上海市常见蔬菜中真菌毒素的污染情况。2020年从上海本地蔬菜种植基地或农贸市场抽样采集常见蔬菜391份,包括101份生菜、90份番茄、100份黄瓜和100份茼蒿。蔬菜样品粉碎后用含1%体积分数乙酸的乙腈水溶液(80∶20,体积比)提取,氯化钠和无水硫酸镁盐析,C18和乙二胺-N-丙基硅烷(primary secondary amine,PSA)净化,通过超高效液相色谱串联质谱法准确测定蔬菜中35种真菌毒素的含量。4种蔬菜基质中35种真菌毒素线性关系良好,决定系数>0.990,检出限为0.05~5 μg/kg,定量限为0.1~10 μg/kg,平均回收率为70.83%~119.05%,日内精密度和日间精密度分别为0.06%~17.9%和0.46%~19.8%。调查结果发现,在391份蔬菜样品中检测出玉米赤霉烯酮、白僵毒素、链格孢毒素、单端孢霉烯类毒素和赭曲霉毒素等11种真菌毒素,总检出率为47.06%,平均含量为0.49~65.17 μg/kg;生菜、番茄、黄瓜、茼蒿4种蔬菜中真菌毒素的检出率分别为64.35%、34.44%、50.00%和38.00%,不同品种和不同地区蔬菜中毒素的污染水平存在一定差异。上海地区生菜、番茄、黄瓜和茼蒿等常见蔬菜中多种真菌毒素污染普遍,污染水平总体较低,但部分毒素含量相对较高,值得引起关注。
Mycotoxin contamination in vegetables poses potential risks to the quality and safety of agricultural products and food.To analyze the contamination levels of mycotoxins in common vegetables in Shanghai, a total of 391 common vegetables were sampled from local vegetable planting bases or farmers' markets in 2020, including 101 lettuces, 90 tomatoes, 100 cucumbers, and 100 chrysanthemums.Homogenized vegetable samples were extracted with acetonitrile-water (80∶20, volume ratio) containing 1% acetic acid, salted out by magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride, and purified with C18 and primary secondary amine (PSA).The levels of 35 mycotoxins in vegetables were accurately determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).In four vegetable matrices, all 35 kinds of mycotoxins showed a good linear relationship with determination coefficients greater than 0.990.The limits of detection and the limits of quantification were 0.05-5 μg/kg and 0.1-10 μg/kg, respectively.The recoveries ranged from 70.83% to 119.05%, with the intra-and inter-day precisions in the range of 0.06%-17.9% and 0.46%-19.8%, respectively.In 391 vegetable samples, a total of 11 mycotoxins, including zearalenone, beauverin, alternaria toxins, trichothecenes, and ochratoxins, were detected with a detection rate of 47.06% and average concentrations of 0.49-65.17 μg/kg.The detection rates of mycotoxins in lettuces, tomatoes, cucumbers and chrysanthemums were 64.35%, 34.44%, 50.00%, and 38.00%, respectively.Significant differences in mycotoxin levels were found in different vegetable samples from different regions.Thus, common vegetables in Shanghai were contaminated with a variety of mycotoxins.Although the overall contamination levels were low, the concentrations of some mycotoxins were relatively high, which were indeed worthy of attention.
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