为制备能够灵敏地指示鲜牛奶新鲜度的指示标签,该研究分别将蝶豆花花青素(butterfly pea flower anthocyanins,BPA)、桑葚花青素(mulberry anthocyanins,MA)和紫薯花青素(purple potato anthocyanins,PPA)添加到可溶性淀粉和聚乙烯醇基材中制成复合指示薄膜,对薄膜的结构、性能和指示灵敏度进行了表征。结果表明,3种花青素溶液均在不同pH下呈现出不同的颜色,但BPA颜色变化最明显且稳定性最好。3种花青素与复合膜基材之间均为物理作用,且均能使复合膜维持较好的pH显色灵敏度,但对复合膜结构和性能的影响各不相同。添加MA后,复合膜保持了致密的微观结构,同时断裂伸长率显著提高(P<0.05),但BPA和PPA的添加则使膜中出现孔洞或裂缝,导致膜的机械性能显著下降(P<0.05)。同时,花青素对复合膜的溶解度、溶胀度和水蒸气透过率的影响也与花青素的种类有关。用于鲜牛奶新鲜度指示时,添加BPA和MA的复合膜在牛奶菌落总数超标时,均发生了肉眼可见的颜色变化,因此具有作为牛奶新鲜度指示标签的应用潜力。
To prepare an indicator label with good sensitivity to the freshness of fresh milk, butterfly pea flower anthocyanins (BPA), mulberry anthocyanins (MA), and purple potato anthocyanins (PPA) were added individually into the soluble starch and polyvinyl alcohol substrates to make composite indicator films, and their structure, performance, and indicator sensitivity were characterized.Results showed that all three anthocyanin solutions could exhibit different colors at different pH, and BPA had the most significant color change and the best stability.In each composite film, all three types of anthocyanins had physical interactions with the substrate and managed to maintain the pH color sensitivity of anthocyanins.After adding MA, the composite film still maintained a dense microstructure, while the elongation at break significantly increased (P<0.05).However, the addition of BPA and PPA caused the formation of pores or cracks in the film, leading to a decrease in its mechanical properties.Meanwhile, the influences of anthocyanins on the solubility, swelling, and water vapor permeability of composite films were also related to the type of anthocyanins.After contacting three types of composite films with fresh milk at room temperature, the composite films containing BPA and MA showed visible changes of color when the total bacterial count in milk exceeded the standard, showing the potential to be used as indicators of milk freshness.
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