[1] GARDNER C, WYLIE-ROSETT J, GIDDING S S, et al.Nonnutritive sweeteners:Current use and health perspectives:A scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American Diabetes Association[J].Circulation, 2012, 126(4):509-519.
[2] DEBRAS C, CHAZELAS E, SROUR B, et al.Artificial sweeteners and cancer risk:Results from the NutriNet-santé population-based cohort study[J].PLoS Medicine, 2022, 19(3):e1003950.
[3] DEBRAS C, DESCHASAUX-TANGUY M, CHAZELAS E, et al.Artificial sweeteners and risk of type 2 diabetes in the prospective NutriNet-santé cohort[J].Diabetes Care, 2023, 46(9):1681-1690.
[4] FU T, CHEN H, CHEN X J, et al.Sugar-sweetened beverages, artificially sweetened beverages and natural juices and risk of inflammatory bowel disease:A cohort study of 121,490 participants[J].Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 2022, 56(6):1018-1029.
[5] JONES S K, MCCARTHY D M, VIED C, et al.Transgenerational transmission of aspartame-induced anxiety and changes in glutamate-GABA signaling and gene expression in the amygdala[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2022, 119(49):e2213120119.
[6] 王思睿, 仝涛.甜味剂与人体健康的研究进展[J].食品与发酵工业, 2024, 50(17):371-379.
WANG S R, TONG T.Progress of research on sweeteners and human health[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2024, 50(17):371-379.
[7] CONZ A, SALMONA M, DIOMEDE L.Effect of non-nutritive sweeteners on the gut microbiota[J].Nutrients, 2023, 15(8):1869.
[8] MAGNUSON B A, CARAKOSTAS M C, MOORE N H, et al.Biological fate of low-calorie sweeteners[J].Nutrition Reviews, 2016, 74(11):670-689.
[9] WHO, JECFA. List of chemicals from the 9th JECFA meeting (June 2024).(2024-06-01).https://apps.who.int/food-additives-contaminants-jecfa-database/.
[10] RENWICK A G, THOMPSON J P, O′SHAUGHNESSY M, et al.The metabolism of cyclamate to cyclohexylamine in humans during long-term administration[J].Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, 2004, 196(3):367-380.
[11] WHITEHOUSE C R, BOULLATA J, MCCAULEY L A.The potential toxicity of artificial sweeteners[J].AAOHN Journal, 2008, 56(6):251-261.
[12] BLACKBURN G L, KANDERS B S, LAVIN P T, et al.The effect of aspartame as part of a multidisciplinary weight-control program on short- and long-term control of body weight[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1997, 65(2):409-418.
[13] TATE D F, TURNER-MCGRIEVY G, LYONS E, et al.Replacing caloric beverages with water or diet beverages for weight loss in adults:Main results of the Choose Healthy Options Consciously Everyday (CHOICE) randomized clinical trial[J].The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2012, 95(3):555-563.
[14] GOLDSMITH L A.Acute and subchronic toxicity of sucralose[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2000, 38(Suppl 2):S53-S69.
[15] MA J, BELLON M, WISHART J M, et al.Effect of the artificial sweetener, sucralose, on gastric emptying and incretin hormone release in healthy subjects[J].American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology, 2009, 296(4):G735-G739.
[16] BUERGE I J, KELLER M, BUSER H R, et al.Saccharin and other artificial sweeteners in soils:Estimated inputs from agriculture and households, degradation, and leaching to groundwater[J].Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(2):615-621.
[17] LI Z Q, GAO J F, GUO Y, et al.Enhancement of antibiotic resistance dissemination by artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium:Insights from cell membrane, enzyme, energy supply and transcriptomics[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 422:126942.
[18] ZANI F, BLAGIH J, GRUBER T, et al.The dietary sweetener sucralose is a negative modulator of T cell-mediated responses[J].Nature, 2023, 615(7953):705-711.
[19] EMAMAT H, GHALANDARI H, TANGESTANI H, et al.Artificial sweeteners are related to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:Microbiota dysbiosis as a novel potential mechanism[J].EXCLI Journal, 2020, 19:620-626.
[20] LIAUCHONAK I, QORRI B, DAWOUD F, et al.Non-nutritive sweeteners and their implications on the development of metabolic syndrome[J].Nutrients, 2019, 11(3):644.
[21] YANINA PEPINO M.Metabolic effects of non-nutritive sweeteners[J].Physiology & Behavior, 2015, 152:450-455.
[22] AGUAYO-GUERRERO J A, MÉNDEZ-GARCÍA L A, SOLLEIRO-VILLAVICENCIO H, et al.Sucralose:From sweet success to metabolic controversies-Unraveling the global health implications of a pervasive non-caloric artificial sweetener[J].Life, 2024, 14(3):323.
[23] 孙威, 鲁晶晶, 闾盟, 等.人工合成甜味剂对机体健康影响的研究进展[J].职业与健康, 2024, 40(16):2299-2304.
SUN W, LU J, LYU M, et al.Research progress on the effects of artificial sweeteners on human health[J].Occupation and health, 2024, 40(16):2299-2304.
[24] GOMAA E Z.Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases:A review[J].Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 2020, 113(12):2019-2040.
[25] FAN Y, PEDERSEN O.Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2021, 19(1):55-71.
[26] CHAKAROUN R M, OLSSON L M, BÄCKHED F.The potential of tailoring the gut microbiome to prevent and treat cardiometabolic disease[J].Nature Reviews Cardiology, 2023, 20(4):217-235.
[27] IATCU C O, STEEN A, COVASA M.Gut microbiota and complications of type-2 diabetes[J].Nutrients, 2022, 14(1):166.
[28] GÓRALCZYK-BIŃKOWSKA A, SZMAJDA-KRYGIER D, KOZŁOWSKA E.The microbiota-gut-brain axis in psychiatric disorders[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, 23(19):11245.
[29] HSU C L, SCHNABL B.The gut-liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2023, 21(11):719-733.
[30] SINGH R K, CHANG H W, YAN D, et al.Influence of diet on the gut microbiome and implications for human health[J].Journal of Translational Medicine, 2017, 15(1):73.
[31] DAVID L A, MAURICE C F, CARMODY R N, et al.Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome[J].Nature, 2014, 505(7484):559-563.
[32] GHOSH T S, RAMPELLI S, JEFFERY I B, et al.Mediterranean diet intervention alters the gut microbiome in older people reducing frailty and improving health status:The NU-AGE 1-year dietary intervention across five European countries[J].Gut, 2020, 69(7):1218-1228..
[33] BOURDEAU-JULIEN I, CASTONGUAY-PARADIS S, ROCHEFORT G, et al.The diet rapidly and differentially affects the gut microbiota and host lipid mediators in a healthy population[J].Microbiome, 2023, 11(1):26.
[34] YU Z G, WANG Y, LU J, et al.Nonnutritive sweeteners can promote the dissemination of antibiotic resistance through conjugative gene transfer[J].The ISME Journal, 2021, 15(7):2117-2130.
[35] YU Z G, WANG Y, HENDERSON I R, et al.Artificial sweeteners stimulate horizontal transfer of extracellular antibiotic resistance genes through natural transformation[J].The ISME Journal, 2022, 16(2):543-554.
[36] YU Z G, HENDERSON I R, GUO J H.Non-caloric artificial sweeteners modulate conjugative transfer of multi-drug resistance plasmid in the gut microbiota[J].Gut Microbes, 2023,15(1):2157698.
[37] YU Z G, GUO J H.Non-caloric artificial sweeteners exhibit antimicrobial activity against bacteria and promote bacterial evolution of antibiotic tolerance[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2022, 433:128840.
[38] WANG Q-P, BROWMAN D, HERZOG H, et al.Non-nutritive sweeteners possess a bacteriostatic effect and alter gut microbiota in mice[J].PLoS One, 2018, 13(7):e0199080.
[39] SÜNDERHAUF A, PAGEL R, KÜNSTNER A, et al.Saccharin supplementation inhibits bacterial growth and reduces experimental colitis in mice[J].Nutrients, 2020, 12(4):1122.
[40] DE DIOS R, PROCTOR C R, MASLOVA E, et al.Artificial sweeteners inhibit multidrug-resistant pathogen growth and potentiate antibiotic activity[J].EMBO Molecular Medicine, 2023, 15(1):e16397.
[41] SHIL A, CHICHGER H.Artificial sweeteners negatively regulate pathogenic characteristics of two model gut bacteria, E.coli and E.faecalis[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021, 22(10):5228.
[42] MAHMUD R, SHEHREEN S, SHAHRIAR S, et al.Non-caloric artificial sweeteners modulate the expression of key metabolic genes in the omnipresent gut microbe Escherichia coli[J].Microbial Physiology, 2020, 29(1-6):43-56.
[43] MARKUS V, SHARE O, SHAGAN M, et al.Inhibitory effects of artificial sweeteners on bacterial quorum sensing[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2021,22(18):9863.
[44] SUEZ J, KOREM T, ZEEVI D, et al.Artificial sweeteners induce glucose intolerance by altering the gut microbiota[J].Nature, 2014, 514(7521):181-186.
[45] SERRANO J, SMITH K R, CROUCH A L, et al.High-dose saccharin supplementation does not induce gut microbiota changes or glucose intolerance in healthy humans and mice[J].Microbiome, 2021, 9(1):11.
[46] THOMSON P, SANTIBAÑEZ R, AGUIRRE C, et al.Short-term impact of sucralose consumption on the metabolic response and gut microbiome of healthy adults[J].British Journal of Nutrition, 2019, 122(8):856-862.
[47] SUEZ J, COHEN Y, VALDÉS-MAS R, et al.Personalized microbiome-driven effects of non-nutritive sweeteners on human glucose tolerance[J].Cell, 2022,185(18):3307-3328.
[48] MÉNDEZ-GARCÍA L A, BUENO-HERNÁNDEZ N, CID-SOTO M A, et al.Ten-week sucralose consumption induces gut dysbiosis and altered glucose and insulin levels in healthy young adults[J].Microorganisms, 2022, 10(2):434.
[49] PALMNÄS M S A, COWAN T E, BOMHOF M R, et al.Low-dose aspartame consumption differentially affects gut microbiota-host metabolic interactions in the diet-induced obese rat[J].PLoS One, 2014, 9(10):e109841.
[50] UEBANSO T, OHNISHI A, KITAYAMA R, et al.Effects of low-dose non-caloric sweetener consumption on gut microbiota in mice[J].Nutrients, 2017, 9(6):662.
[51] SHI Z J, LEI H H, CHEN G, et al.Impaired intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila and aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice[J].mSystems, 2021, 6(1):e00985-20.
[52] BIAN X M, CHI L, GAO B, et al.Gut microbiome response to sucralose and its potential role in inducing liver inflammation in mice[J].Frontiers in Physiology, 2017, 8:487.
[53] CHI L, YANG Y F, BIAN X M, et al.Chronic sucralose consumption inhibits farnesoid X receptor signaling and perturbs lipid and cholesterol homeostasis in the mouse livers, potentially by altering gut microbiota functions[J].Science of the Total Environment, 2024, 919:169603.
[54] LAFOREST-LAPOINTE I, DE SHERBROORE U, et al.Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy is associated with infant gut microbiota and metabolic modifications and increased infant body mass index[J].Gut Microbes, 2021, 13(1):1-15.
[55] NETTLETON J E, CHO N A, KLANCIC T, et al.Maternal low-dose aspartame and Stevia consumption with an obesogenic diet alters metabolism, gut microbiota and mesolimbic reward system in rat dams and their offspring[J].Gut, 2020, 69(10):1807-1817.
[56] RODRIGUEZ-PALACIOS A, HARDING A, MENGHINI P, et al.The artificial sweetener splenda promotes gut proteobacteria, dysbiosis, and myeloperoxidase reactivity in Crohn’s disease-like ileitis[J].Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, 2018, 24(5):1005-1020.
[57] LI X T, LIU Y L, WANG Y, et al.Sucralose promotes colitis-associated colorectal cancer risk in a murine model along with changes in microbiota[J].Frontiers in Oncology, 2020, 10:710.
[58] BISCHOFF S C, BARBARA G, BUURMAN W, et al.Intestinal permeability-a new target for disease prevention and therapy[J].BMC Gastroenterol, 2014, 14(1):189.
[59] SHIL A, LADEIRA FARIA L M, WALKER C A, et al.The artificial sweetener neotame negatively regulates the intestinal epithelium directly through T1R3-signaling and indirectly through pathogenic changes to model gut bacteria[J].Frontiers in Nutrition, 2024, 11:1366409.
[60] BIAN X M, CHI L, GAO B, et al.The artificial sweetener acesulfame potassium affects the gut microbiome and body weight gain in CD-1 mice[J].PLoS One, 2017, 12(6):e0178426.
[61] CHI L, BIAN X M, GAO B, et al.Effects of the artificial sweetener neotame on the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites in mice[J].Molecules, 2018, 23(2):367.
[62] MURALI A, GIRI V, CAMERON H J, et al.Investigating the gut microbiome and metabolome following treatment with artificial sweeteners acesulfame potassium and saccharin in young adult Wistar rats[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2022, 165:113123.
[63] VAMANU E, PELINESCU D, GATEA F, et al.Altered in vitro metabolomic response of the human microbiota to sweeteners[J].Genes, 2019, 10(7):535.
[64] UMU Ö C O, RUDI K, DIEP D B.Modulation of the gut microbiota by prebiotic fibres and bacteriocins[J].Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease, 2017, 28(1):1348886.
[65] FRANKENFELD C L, SIKAROODI M, LAMB E, et al.High-intensity sweetener consumption and gut microbiome content and predicted gene function in a cross-sectional study of adults in the United States[J].Annals of Epidemiology, 2015, 25(10):736-742.e4.
[66] AHMAD S Y, FRIEL J, MACKAY D.The effects of non-nutritive artificial sweeteners, aspartame and sucralose, on the gut microbiome in healthy adults:Secondary outcomes of a randomized double-blinded crossover clinical trial[J].Nutrients, 2020, 12(11):3408.
[67] HARRINGTON V, LAU L, CRITS-CHRISTOPH A, et al.Interactions of non-nutritive artificial sweeteners with the microbiome in metabolic syndrome[J].Immunometabolism, 2022, 4(2):e220012.
