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饮食成分对肠道微生物菌群的影响及调节的研究进展

  • 黄婧 ,
  • 陈姣 ,
  • 应顺莉 ,
  • 任梓源 ,
  • 李晓晖
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  • 1(上海海洋大学 食品学院,上海,201306)
    2(上海水产品加工及贮藏工程技术研究中心,上海,201306)
    3(农业农村部水产品贮藏保鲜质量安全风险评估实验室,上海,201306)
第一作者:硕士研究生(李晓晖副教授为通信作者,E-mail:xhli@shou.edu.cn)

收稿日期: 2025-02-13

  修回日期: 2025-05-01

  网络出版日期: 2025-12-25

Dietary regulation of gut microbiota:Mechanisms and implications

  • HUANG Jing ,
  • CHEN Jiao ,
  • YING Shunli ,
  • REN Ziyuan ,
  • LI Xiaohui
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  • 1(College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China)
    2(Shanghai Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Product Processing and Preservation, Shanghai 201306, China)
    3(Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Preservation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201306, China)

Received date: 2025-02-13

  Revised date: 2025-05-01

  Online published: 2025-12-25

摘要

肠道微生物菌群是一个复杂的生态系统,由数万亿种不同的微生物组成,对宿主健康存在着深远的影响。宿主基因型和环境等因素会影响个体的肠道微生物菌群,从而使不同个体的肠道微生物菌群产生差异。饮食是影响肠道微生物菌群的一个关键因素,饮食的类型、构成都会对肠道微生物造成不同程度的影响。饮食对肠道健康的影响主要体现在微生物平衡、肠道屏障功能和免疫调节3个方面。高脂、高糖等不良的饮食方式会破坏肠道微生物平衡,影响肠道微生物的多样性与分布。饮食的作用机制包括调节肠道微生物菌群,维持肠道屏障以及调控免疫。通过改变饮食成分和摄入膳食补充剂可以对肠道微生物菌群产生有益影响。该文就饮食成分和对肠道微生物菌群影响进行了综述,阐明了不同饮食成分、类型以及膳食补充剂对其影响,旨在为未来饮食成分、类型、补充剂研究以及与饮食相关的肠道疾病预防和治疗提供参考。

本文引用格式

黄婧 , 陈姣 , 应顺莉 , 任梓源 , 李晓晖 . 饮食成分对肠道微生物菌群的影响及调节的研究进展[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2025 , 51(23) : 390 -398 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.042299

Abstract

The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem comprising trillions of diverse microorganisms that profoundly influence host health.Host genotype, environmental factors, and other variables shape individual gut microbial composition, resulting in significant inter-individual variation.Diet is a key factor influencing the gut microbiota, as both the type and composition of diet can affect intestinal microorganisms to varying degrees.Diet exerts significant impacts on intestinal health primarily through three aspects:microbial balance, gut barrier function, and immune regulation.Unhealthy dietary patterns (e.g., high-fat or high-sugar diets) can disrupt gut microbial equilibrium, affecting both the diversity and distribution of intestinal microorganisms.The mechanisms of dietary influence involve modulating gut microbiota composition, maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, and regulating immune responses.Beneficial effects on gut microbiota can be achieved through dietary modification and nutritional supplementation.This review summarizes the effects of dietary components on gut microbiota, elucidating the impacts of different dietary ingredients, patterns, and nutritional supplements.The findings aim to provide references for future research on dietary composition, eating patterns, and supplementation, as well as for the prevention and treatment of diet-related intestinal disorders.

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