食品与发酵工业 >

2026 , Vol. 52 >Issue 9: 402 - 410

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.044099

综述与专题评论

国内外食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染情况及控制研究

  • 郑跃 ,
  • 赵鹏 ,
  • 谢翔燕 ,
  • 刘红梅 ,
  • 景桐彤 ,
  • 孟远 ,
  • 邓影妹 ,
  • 史娜 ,
  • 蔡雪凤 ,
  • 耿健强
展开
  • 1(北京市食品检验研究院(北京市食品安全监控和风险评估中心),国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(食品安全重大综合保障关键技术),北京,100094)
    2(北京农学院 生物与资源环境学院,北京,102206)
第一作者：硕士,工程师(耿健强正高级工程师和蔡雪凤高级工程师为共同通信作者,E-mail:gjq@cfqs.org;caixuefeng330@126.com)

收稿日期: 2025-07-31

  修回日期: 2025-09-30

  网络出版日期: 2026-06-03

收起

Progress of the contamination and control of Bacillus cereus in foods at home and abroad

  • ZHENG Yue ,
  • ZHAO Peng ,
  • XIE Xiangyan ,
  • LIU Hongmei ,
  • JING Tongtong ,
  • MENG Yuan ,
  • DENG Yingmei ,
  • SHI Na ,
  • CAI Xuefeng ,
  • GENG Jianqiang
Expand
  • 1(Beijing Food Inspection Research Institute(Beijing Food Safety Monitoring and Risk Assessment Center), Key Laboratory of Key Technologies of Major Comprehensive Guarantee of Food Safety, State Administration for Market Regulation, Beijing 100094, China)
    2(College of Bioscience and Resource Environment,Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China)

Received date: 2025-07-31

  Revised date: 2025-09-30

  Online published: 2026-06-03

Fold

摘要

近年来,国内外食品中污染蜡样芽胞杆菌引起的突发性食品安全事件有增多趋势。蜡样芽胞杆菌分布范围较广,在米面制品、豆制品、乳制品、蔬菜等食物中均有检出。作为条件致病菌之一,蜡样芽胞杆菌主要通过产生肠毒素和呕吐毒素导致中毒。据报道2014—2023年由蜡样芽胞杆菌导致的中国大陆地区食源性疾病暴发事件共400余起,发病人数达6 000余人,误食被蜡样芽胞杆菌污染的食物可能导致消费者食物中毒的风险较高。该文结合蜡样芽胞杆菌的生物学特性,国内外食品安全事件及限量要求,对食物在原料采购、生产加工、贮藏运输、货架期等关键环节的污染风险进行深入分析,同时对防控食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染的国家标准、检测技术、检测流程及市场监管等方面提出合理化建议,旨在降低蜡样芽胞杆菌对我国食品产业的污染风险,以期为食品安全管理提供理论依据和实践指导。

关键词： 食品; 蜡样芽胞杆菌; 污染; 风险控制

本文引用格式

郑跃 , 赵鹏 , 谢翔燕 , 刘红梅 , 景桐彤 , 孟远 , 邓影妹 , 史娜 , 蔡雪凤 , 耿健强 . 国内外食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染情况及控制研究[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2026 , 52(9) : 402 -410 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.044099

Abstract

In recent years, there has been an increasing trend of food safety emergencies caused by contamination of Bacillus cereus both domestically and internationally.B.cereus is broad in our food distribution range which has been detected in rice and wheat products, soybean products, dairy products, vegetables and other foods.As one of the conditioned pathogens, B.cereus causes poisoning mainly by producing enterotoxins and cereulide.From 2014 to 2023, it was reported that there were more than 400 outbreaks of foodborne diseases caused by B.cereus in China mainland, with over 6 000 people affected.The risk of food poisoning in consumers due to accidental ingestion of food contaminated with B.cereus is relatively high.Combined with the biological characteristics of B.cereus, food safety accidents and permissible limits at home and abroad., we conduct an in-depth analysis of the contamination risks in key links of food, including raw material procurement, production and processing, storage and transportation, and shelf-life.At the same time, reasonable suggestions are proposed for the prevention and control the contamination of B.cereus in food in terms of national standards, testing techniques, testing processes, and market supervision, aiming to reduce the contamination risk of B.cereus to the food industry in China and provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for food safety management.

Key words： food; Bacillus cereus; contamination; risk control

参考文献

[1] 中国标准化研究院. 常见的食源性致病菌[EB/OL].(2022-11-04)[2024-10-22].https://www.cnis.ac.cn/ynbm/spynyzlyjs/kydt/202211/t20221104_54179.html.
CHINA National Institute of Standardization.Common food borne pathogens[EB/OL].(2022-11-04)[2024-10-22].https://www.cnis.ac.cn/ynbm/spynyzlyjs/kydt/202211/t20221104_54179.html.
[2] 美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)著.(蒋原, 祝长青, 徐幸莲主译).美国FDA食品微生物检验指南[M].第八版.北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2020.
FDA.JIANG Y, ZHU C Q, XU X L.U.S.Food and Drug Administration Bacteriological Analytical Manual 8th Edition[M].8th ed.Beijing:China Light Industry Press, 2020.
[3] MENG L, ZHANG R R, DONG L, et al.Characterization and spoilage potential of Bacillus cereus isolated from farm environment and raw milk[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2022, 13:940611.
[4] TORKI BAGHBADORANI S, RAHIMI E, SHAKERIAN A.Investigation of virulence and antibiotic-resistance of Bacillus cereus isolated from various spices[J].Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, 2023, 2023(1):8390778.
[5] THARWAT A E, ELEIWA N Z, ALI N S M, et al.Prevalence and distribution of enterotoxin genes among Bacillus cereus isolated from meat and meat products in Egypt[J].Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 2020, 8(s1):41-46.
[6] 张洋洋, 郑金华, 马瑜.2020—2023年山东省泰安市餐饮食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌毒力基因及药物敏感性研究[J].疾病监测, 2024, 39(10):1341-1344.
ZHANG Y Y, ZHENG J H, MA Y.Study of virulence genes and antibiotic susceptibility of Bacillus cereus in catering food in Tai’an, Shangdong,2020—2023[J].Disease Surveillance, 2024, 39(10):1341-1344.
[7] 杨晓燕, 仝志琴, 李会, 等.河南省洛阳市餐饮食品中蜡样芽孢杆菌污染状况及毒力基因分析[J].预防医学论坛, 2023, 29(5):379-384.
YANG X Y, TONG Z Q, LI H, et al.Analysis on contamination and virulence genes of Bacillus cereus in some catering foods in Luoyang city, Henan Province[J].Preventive Medicine Tribune, 2023, 29(5):379-384.
[8] 崔莹, 戚浩彧, 张濛, 等.2011—2021年河南省市售食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染状况调查[J].河南预防医学杂志, 2022, 33(8):569-571;630.
CUI Y, QI H Y, ZHANG M, et al.Analysis on contamination of Bacillus cereus in food in Henan Province from 2011 to 2021[J].Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2022, 33(8):569-571;630.
[9] 张英, 王利.2015—2022年重庆市江津区食品微生物监测结果分析[J].职业卫生与病伤, 2024, 39(3):183-189.
ZHANG Y, WANG L.Analysis on the results of food microbial monitoring in Jiangjin District of Chongqing from 2015 to 2022[J].Occupational Health and Damage, 2024, 39(3):183-189.
[10] 王欣茹. 湿粉类食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌污染风险控制要素的定量评估研究[D].深圳:南方医科大学, 2023.
WANG X R.Quantitative assessment of risk control factors for Bacillus cereus contamination in wet rice products and starch products[D].Shenzhen:Southern Medical University, 2023.
[11] BERTHOLD-PLUTA A, PLUTA A, GARBOWSKA M, et al.Prevalence and toxicity characterization of Bacillus cereus in food products from Poland[J].Foods, 2019, 8(7):269.
[12] LITTLE J S, COUGHLIN C, HSIEH C, et al.Neuroinvasive Bacillus cereus infection in immunocompromised hosts:Epidemiologic investigation of 5 patients with acute myeloid leukemia[J].Open Forum Infectious Diseases, 2024, 11(3):ofae048.
[13] NACHARAJU D, TAPLEY A, KARMARKAR E N, et al.Vancomycin-resistant Bacillus cereus pneumonia and bacteremia after nonfatal freshwater drowning[J].Annals of Internal Medicine:Clinical Cases, 2024, 3(8):e240226.
[14] 高嵩. Gb3在蜡样芽孢杆菌感染过程中的作用与机制研究[D].北京:军事科学院, 2020.
GAO S.Function and mechanism of Gb3 in Bacillus cereus infection[D].Beijing:Academy of Military Medical Sciences, 2020.
[15] LINDBÄCK T, GRANUM P E.Bacillus cereus[J].Food Microbiology:Fundamentals and Frontiers, 2019:541-554.
[16] VIDIC J, CHAIX C, MANZANO M, et al.Food sensing:Detection of Bacillus cereus spores in dairy products[J].Biosensors, 2020, 10(3):15.
[17] TIRLONI E, STELLA S, CELANDRONI F, et al.Bacillus cereus in dairy products and production plants[J].Foods, 2022, 11(17):2572.
[18] FARZAMFAR B, NOROUZI S, MALEKI Y, et al.Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) determination of disinfectants in the pharmaceutical industry against pathogens[J].Journal of Human Environment and Health Promotion, 2022, 8(4):186-190.
[19] JOVANOVIC J, ORNELIS V F M, MADDER A, et al.Bacillus cereus food intoxication and toxicoinfection[J].Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2021, 20(4):3719-3761.
[20] HAUGE S. Food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus[J]. Nordisk Hygienisk Tidskrift,1950,31:189-206.
[21] SONI A, DIXIT Y, BRIGHTWELL G, et al.Hyperspectral imaging and deep learning for detection and quantification of germination in Bacillus cereus spores[J].International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 2024, 59(5):3505-3513.
[22] StΕΞΑΡΑ P Α, ΓΚΟΒΑΡΗΣ G A.Bacillus cereus:An important foodborne pathogen[J].Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2018, 61(2):127.
[23] YU S B, YU P F, WANG J, et al.A study on prevalence and characterization of Bacillus cereus in ready-to-eat foods in China[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2020, 10:3043.
[24] FIEDLER G, SCHNEIDER C, IGBINOSA E O, et al.Antibiotics resistance and toxin profiles of Bacillus cereus-group isolates from fresh vegetables from German retail markets[J].BMC Microbiology, 2019, 19(1):250.
[25] GRUTSCH A A, NIMMER P S, PITTSLEY R H, et al.Molecular pathogenesis of Bacillus spp., with emphasis on the dairy industry[J].Fine Focus, 2018, 4(2):203-222.
[26] SCHREIBER N, HACKL G, REISINGER A C, et al.Acute liver failure after ingestion of fried rice balls:A case series of Bacillus cereus food poisonings[J].Toxins, 2022, 14(1):12.
[27] COLACO C M G, BASILE K, DRAPER J, et al.Fulminant Bacillus cereus food poisoning with fatal multi-organ failure[J].BMJ Case Reports, 2021, 14(1):e238716.
[28] THIRKELL C E, SLOAN-GARDNER T S, KACMAREK M C, et al.An outbreak of Bacillus cereus toxin-mediated emetic and diarrhoeal syndromes at a restaurant in Canberra, Australia 2018[J].Communicable Diseases Intelligence, 2019, 43.DOI:10.33321/cdi.2019.43.40.
[29] SCHMID D, RADEMACHER C, KANITZ E E, et al.Elucidation of enterotoxigenic Bacillus cereus outbreaks in Austria by complementary epidemiological and microbiological investigations, 2013[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2016, 232:80-86.
[30] NARANJO M, DENAYER S, BOTTELDOORN N, et al.Sudden death of a young adult associated with Bacillus cereus food poisoning[J].Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2011, 49(12):4379-4381.
[31] DIERICK K, VAN COILLIE E, SWIECICKA I, et al.Fatal family outbreak of Bacillus cereus-associated food poisoning[J].Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2005, 43(8):4277-4279.
[32] PIRHONEN T I, ANDERSSON M A, JÄÄSKELÄINEN E L, et al.Biochemical and toxic diversity of Bacillus cereus in a pasta and meat dish associated with a food-poisoning case[J].Food Microbiology, 2005, 22(1):87-91.
[33] LUBY S, JONES J, DOWDA H, et al.A large outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by diarrheal toxin-producing Bacillus cereus[J].The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 1993, 167(6):1452-1455.
[34] 李薇薇, 朱江辉, 甄世祺, 等.2011年中国大陆食源性疾病暴发监测资料分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2018, 30(3):283-288.
LI W W, ZHU J H, ZHEN S Q, et al.Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in China mainland in 2011[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2018, 30(3):283-288.
[35] 李薇薇, 朱江辉, 兰真, 等.2012年中国大陆食源性疾病暴发监测资料分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2018, 30(3):288-293.
LI W W, ZHU J H, LAN Z, et al.Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in China mainland in 2012[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2018, 30(3):288-293.
[36] 李薇薇, 王三桃, 梁进军, 等.2013年中国大陆食源性疾病暴发监测资料分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2018, 30(3):293-298.
LI W W, WANG S T, LIANG J J, et al.Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in China mainland in 2013[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2018, 30(3):293-298.
[37] 陈婷, 周庆琼, 戚平, 等.2011—2020年中国食源性疾病流行病学分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2023, 35(10):1545-1550.
CHEN T, ZHOU Q Q, QI P, et al.Epidemiological analysis of foodborne diseases in China from 2011 to 2020[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2023, 35(10):1545-1550.
[38] 李红秋, 贾华云, 赵帅, 等.2021年中国大陆食源性疾病暴发监测资料分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2022, 34(4):816-821.
LIU H Q, JIA H Y, ZHAO S, et al.Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in Chinese Mainland in 2021[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2022, 34(4):816-821.
[39] 李红秋, 郭云昌, 刘志涛, 等.2022年中国大陆食源性疾病暴发监测资料分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2024, 36(8):962-967.
LI H Q, GUO Y C, LIU Z T, et al.Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks in China’s Mainland in 2022[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2024, 36(8):962-967.
[40] 范鹏辉, 李红秋, 褚遵华, 等.2023年中国大陆食源性疾病暴发监测结果分析[J].中国食品卫生杂志, 2024, 36(10):1199-1208.
FAN P H, LI H Q, CHU Z H, et al.Analysis of foodborne diseases outbreak surveillance in China’s Mainland, 2023[J].Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene, 2024, 36(10):1199-1208.
[41] 张玲. 一起由巴氏杀菌乳污染引起的多名幼儿食源性疾病爆发事件的流行病学分析[J].食品安全导刊, 2022(35):94-97.
ZHANG L.Epidemiological analysis of an outbreak of foodborne diseases in children caused by pasteurized milk pollution[J].China Food Safety Magazine, 2022(35):94-97.
[42] LI T T, ZOU Q P, CHEN C, et al.A foodborne outbreak linked to Bacillus cereus at two middle schools in a rural area of Chongqing, China, 2021[J].PLoS One, 2023, 18(10):e0293114.
[43] 汪进洋, 王佃义, 孙建超.1起由蜡样芽胞杆菌引起某校学生食物中毒的调查[J].职业卫生与病伤, 2022, 37(6):375-379.
WANG J Y, WANG D Y, SUN J C.Investigation on a food poisoning event among students in a school caused by Bacillus cereus[J].Occupational Health and Damage, 2022, 37(6):375-379.
[44] 龙冬玲, 张慧娟, 萧松建, 等.一起由蜡样芽胞杆菌引起的食物中毒实验室检测及分子溯源[J].河南预防医学杂志, 2021, 32(12):901-905;935.
LONG D L, ZHANG H J, XIAO S J, et al.Virulent gene profiles and molecular source research of Bacillus cereus in a food poisoning case[J].Henan Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2021, 32(12):901-905;935.
[45] 梁斌, 何月悦.一起蜡样芽胞杆菌引起食物中毒事件调查分析[J].社区医学杂志, 2020, 18(16):1122-1124.
LIANG B, HE Y Y.Investigation and analysis of a food poisoning event caused by Bacillus cereus[J].Journal of Community Medicine, 2020, 18(16):1122-1124.
[46] 管辉日, 范光, 吴光渠.一起蜡样芽胞杆菌食物中毒的流行病学分析[J].海峡预防医学杂志, 2018, 24(1):91-93.
GUAN H R, FAN G, WU G Q.Epidemiological analysis of Bacillus cereus in a food poisoning case[J].Strait Journal Prevent Medical, 2018, 24(1):91-93.
[47] 朱淑萍. 一起蜡样芽胞杆菌引起的食源性疾病事件调查分析[J].基层医学论坛, 2022, 26(7):130-133.
ZHU S P.Investigation and analysis of a foodborne disease event caused by Bacillus cereus[J].The Medical Forum, 2022, 26(7):130-133.
[48] 许阳. 一起由蜡样芽胞杆菌引起的食物中毒病原学检测[J].疾病监测与控制, 2017, 11(2):139;115.
XU Y.Etiological detection of Bacillus cereus in a food poisoning case[J].Journal of Diseases Monitor & Control, 2017, 11(2):139;115.
[49] 向正华, 张轶群, 罗玉田, 等.一起由蜡样芽孢杆菌引起的食物中毒调查分析[J].职业与健康, 2005,21(5):702-703.
XIANG Z H, ZHANG Y Q, LUO Y T, et al.Investigation and analysis of a food poisoning caused by Bacillus cereus[J].Occupation and Health, 2005,21(5):702-703.
[50] 香港特别行政区政府食物安全中心.加工食品中的蜡样芽孢杆菌[EB/OL].(2017-08-15)[2024-12-05].https://www.cfs.gov.hk/sc_chi/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_97_01.html.
The Goverment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Cemtre for Food Safety.Bacillus cereus in Processed Food[EB/OL].(2017-08-15)[2024-12-05].https://www.cfs.gov.hk/sc_chi/multimedia/multimedia_pub/multimedia_pub_fsf_97_01.html.
[51] BURSOVÁ Š, HARUŠTIAKOVÁ D, NECIDOVÁ L, et al.Evaluation of Bacillus cereus growth in cooked rice[J].Journal of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, 2024:e10985.
[52] European Union.Commission Regulation (EC) No 1441/2007 of 5 December 2007 amending Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs (Text with EEA relevance)[EB/OL].(2007-12-05)[2024-10-22].https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/ uri=CELEX%3A32007R1441&qid=1729605755978.
[53] Food Standards Australia and Zealand.Compendium of Microbiological Criteria for Food[EB/OL].(2022-03)[2024-10-23].https://www.foodstandards.gov.au/sites/default/files/ publications/Documents/Compendium_revised%20Dec%202022.pdf.
[54] UK Health Security Agency.Guidelines for assessing the microbiological safety of ready-to-eat foods placed on the market[EB/OL].(2024-09)[2024-10-24].https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/66 debd72e87ad2f1218265e1/UKHSA-ready-to-eat-guidelines-2024.pdf.
[55] Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.Food Code(No.2021-54)[EB/OL].(2021-06-29)[2024-10-24].https://www.mfds.go.kr/eng/brd/m_15/view.do seq=72437.
[56] 澳门特别行政区政府市政署. 即食食品微生物含量指引[EB/OL].(2015)[2024-10-22].https://www.foodsafety.gov.mo/file p=foodsafetyinfo/List22/55_23c1a2ee072de635b008d469b533 1859.pdf.
Govermo da Regiāo Administrativa Especial de Macau.Microbiological Guidelines for Ready-to-eat Food[EB/OL].(2015)[2024-10-22].https://www.foodsafety.gov.mo/file p=foodsafetyinfo/List22/55_23c1a2ee072de635b008d469b5331859.pdf.
[57] 香港特别行政区政府食物安全中心. 食品微生物含量指引(一般即食食品及指定食品)[EB/OL].(2014-08)[2024-10-22].https://www.cfs.gov.hk/tc_chi/food_leg/files/food_leg_Microbiological_Guidelines_for_Food_c.pdf.
The Goverment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Cemtre for Food Safety.Microbiological Guidelines for Food(For ready-to-eat food in general and specific food items)[EB/OL].(2014-08)[2024-10-22].https://www.cfs.gov.hk/tc_chi/food_leg/files/food_leg_Microbiological_Guidelines_for_Food_c.pdf.
[58] YANG S, WANG Y T, REN F C, et al.The sources of Bacillus cereus contamination and their association with cereulide production in dairy and cooked rice processing lines[J].Food Quality and Safety, 2023, 710.1093:fqsafe.
[59] MAJED R, FAILLE C, KALLASSY M, et al.Bacillus cereus biofilms-same,only different[J].Frontiers in Microbiology, 2016, 7:1054.
[60] HUANG Y Y, FLINT S H, PALMER J S.Bacillus cereus spores and toxins-The potential role of biofilms[J].Food Microbiology, 2020, 90:103493.
[61] LI Y M, LUO L, WANG W H, et al.Characterization of a cell wall hydrolase with high activity against vegetative cells, spores and biofilm of Bacillus cereus[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2024, 414:110617.
[62] WANG Y H, RUI W S, LI Y L, et al.Inhibition and mechanism of citral on Bacillus cereus vegetative cells, spores, and biofilms[J].Foodborne Pathogens and Disease, 2024, 21(7):447-457.
[63] LOU X D, ZHOU Q, JIANG Q Y, et al.Inhibitory effect and mechanism of violacein on planktonic growth, spore germination, biofilm formation and toxin production of Bacillus cereus and its application in grass carp preservation[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2025, 426:110917.
[64] KUMARI S, SARKAR P K.In vitro model study for biofilm formation by Bacillus cereus in dairy chilling tanks and optimization of clean-in-place (CIP) regimes using response surface methodology[J].Food Control, 2014, 36(1):153-158.
[65] ANKOLEKAR C, RAHMATI T, LABBÉ R G.Detection of toxigenic Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis spores in U.S.rice[J].International Journal of Food Microbiology, 2009, 128(3):460-466.
[66] FEI P, YUAN X J, ZHAO S J, et al.Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bacillus cereus isolated from raw milk and cattle farm environments[J].Current Microbiology, 2019, 76(11):1355-1360.
[67] KUMARI S, SARKAR P K.Bacillus cereus hazard and control in industrial dairy processing environment[J].Food Control, 2016, 69:20-29.
[68] 侯霞霞, 王云霞, 刘丽君, 等.生牛乳中芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及其耐热性[J].乳业科学与技术, 2022, 45(6):1-6.
HOU X X, WANG Y X, LIU L J, et al.Isolation, identification and heat resistance of Bacillus from raw milk[J].Journal of Dairy Science and Technology, 2022, 45(6):1-6.
[69] FADIJI T, RASHVAND M, DARAMOLA M O, et al.A review on antimicrobial packaging for extending the shelf life of food[J].Processes, 2023, 11(2):590.
[70] KRAMER J M, GILBERTLBERT R J.Bacillus cereus and Other Bacillus species[M].Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens, 1989:21-70.
Options
文章导航

/

〈 〉

技术支持：北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司