食品与发酵工业 >

2026 , Vol. 52 >Issue 17: 404 - 412

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.044839

综述与专题评论

金属纳米材料构建生物传感器在食源性致病菌快速检测中的研究进展

  • 侯昱璇 ,
  • 孙立龙 ,
  • 梁荣蓉 ,
  • 毛衍伟 ,
  • 董鹏程 ,
  • 张一敏 ,
  • 朱立贤 ,
  • 杨啸吟 ,
  • 刘民泽 ,
  • 刘昀阁
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  • 1(山东农业大学 食品科学与工程学院,山东 泰安,271018)
    2(山东省畜产品质量安全监测与新兽药创制重点实验室, 山东 泰安,271018)
    3(阳信亿利源清真肉类有限公司,山东 滨州,251800)
第一作者:本科生(刘昀阁讲师和刘民泽高级畜牧师为共同通信作者,E-mail:liuyunge@sdau.edu.cn;yxyiliyuan@163.com)

收稿日期: 2025-10-16

  修回日期: 2026-01-07

  网络出版日期: 2026-09-21

基金资助

国家自然科学基金项目(32302181);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2022QC182);山东省重点研发计划项目(2023CXGC010708)

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Research progress of biosensors constructed with metal nanomaterials in the rapid detection of foodborne pathogens

  • HOU Yuxuan ,
  • SUN Lilong ,
  • LIANG Rongrong ,
  • MAO Yanwei ,
  • DONG Pengcheng ,
  • ZHANG Yimin ,
  • ZHU Lixian ,
  • YANG Xiaoyin ,
  • LIU Minze ,
  • LIU Yunge
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  • 1(College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China)
    2(Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality Safety Monitoring for Animal Products and Veterinary Drug Innovation, Tai’an 271018, China)
    3(Yangxin Yiliyuan Halal Meat Co.Ltd., Binzhou 251800, China)

Received date: 2025-10-16

  Revised date: 2026-01-07

  Online published: 2026-09-21

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摘要

食源性致病菌及其生物被膜对公共健康构成重大威胁,但传统检测方法存在操作复杂、灵敏度低、耗时久等局限,并不能及时准确地检测出致病菌的存在,从而导致潜在的食品安全风险。该文介绍了金属纳米材料构建的生物传感器在快速检测食源性致病菌中的应用,金属纳米材料(如纳米金、银、金属有机框架等)凭借高比表面积、独特光学/电学特性及催化活性,通过信号增强、构建复合传感平台等优化生物传感器性能,显著提升检测灵敏度和特异性,可快速检测沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌等致病菌及其生物被膜。因此,该文重点从金属纳米颗粒、碳基纳米颗粒、过渡金属、金属纳米团簇、复合纳米材料等修饰的多种生物传感器类型出发,指出现阶段技术的优势和存在的问题,为推动其在食品安全监管等场景的实际应用提供理论依据和应用思路。

关键词： 食源性致病菌; 金属纳米材料; 生物传感器; 细菌生物被膜; 快速检测

本文引用格式

侯昱璇 , 孙立龙 , 梁荣蓉 , 毛衍伟 , 董鹏程 , 张一敏 , 朱立贤 , 杨啸吟 , 刘民泽 , 刘昀阁 . 金属纳米材料构建生物传感器在食源性致病菌快速检测中的研究进展[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2026 , 52(17) : 404 -412 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.044839

Abstract

Foodborne pathogens and their biofilms pose a significant threat to public health.Nevertheless, traditional detection methods have limitations such as complex operation, low sensitivity, and long processing times.These limitations prevent timely and accurate detection of pathogenic bacteria, leading to potential food safety risks.Therefore, this summary reviews the application of biosensors constructed with metal nanomaterials for the rapid detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria.Metal nanomaterials (such as gold, silver, and metal-organic frameworks) have high specific surface areas, unique optical and electrical properties, and catalytic activity.By enhancing signals and constructing composite sensing platforms, the performance of biosensors is optimized, significantly improving detection sensitivity and specificity.They can rapidly detect pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, as well as their biofilms.In this study, it focuses on analyzing the current advantages and limitations of various biosensor types modified with metallic nanoparticles, carbon-based nanomaterials, transition metals, metal nanoclusters, and composite nanomaterials, aiming to provide theoretical foundations and practical insights for advancing their real-world applications in scenarios such as food safety regulation.

Key words： foodborne pathogen; metal nanomaterials; biosensors; bacterial biofilms; rapid detection

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