考察了海藻酸钠质量浓度、气速及进料速度对嗜酸乳杆菌微胶囊粒径及粒径分布的影响。得到微胶囊的优化制备条件如下：海藻酸钠质量分数为1.5%、气速为450 L/h、进料速度为1 mL/min。采用优化制备工艺进行微胶囊制备，验证优化结果。结果表明，制备的微胶囊粒径及粒径分布相近，微囊粒径大小为30 μm左右，说明优化试验得到的制备工艺真实可靠。优化了微囊制备工艺后，考察了菌加入量对微囊粒径/形貌和微囊对菌包埋率的影响，最终选取含菌量为109 CFU/mL进行嗜酸乳杆菌微胶囊的制备。微胶囊粒径维持在30 μm左右，粒径分布比较均一，对嗜酸乳杆菌的包埋率达到79.77%，可用于后续胃肠道微环境调节研究。

The influences of parameters such as the concentration of sodium alginate, the spray gas flow and the feed flow of the peristaltic pump on the size and size distribution of microcapsules were investigated. The optimal preparation parameters of microcapsules were as follows: the mass fraction was 1.5%, the spray gas flow was 450 L/h and the feed flow of the peristaltic pump was 1 mL/min. According to the optimal parameters, similar size of 30 μm and similar size distribution, which suggested that the optimal preparation parameters of microcapsules were reliable. Furthermore, the effect of different amounts of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the microcapsule's size, morphology and the encapsulation efficiency for Lactobacillus acidophilus was investigated. The results indicated that Lactobacillus acidophilus with concentration of 109 CFU/mL was optimal for encapsulation into microcapsules. After encapsulation of Lactobacillus acidophilus, the size of microcapsules was still maintained about 30 μm and the size distribution was narrow, and the encapsulation efficiency for Lactobacillus acidophilus reached 79.77%, which could be applied for gastrointestinal microenvironmental regulation.