为比较仿刺参与进口海参的综合品质,对仿刺参和6种进口海参的水分、灰分、盐分、蛋白质、总糖、水溶性总糖、含砂量、复水后干重率、海参多糖、海参皂苷指标进行检测,并采用主成分分析法进行综合品质评价。7种干海参水分、盐分、水溶性总糖含量(质量分数)分别低于15%、40%、3%;蛋白质含量高于40%;总糖含量为2.90%~12.56%;含砂量为0.52%~11.23%;复水后干重率为36.09%~64.63%;海参多糖含量为1.88%~7.71%;海参皂苷含量为ND~0.140%。主成分分析结果得出,7种海参的综合营养品质顺序为仿刺参＞红极参＞墨西哥海参＞南美刺参＞腰参＞岩刺参＞阿拉斯加红参。仿刺参的营养丰富,含砂量低且复水后干重率高,综合品质最佳。
In order to compare the comprehensive quality of Apostichopus japonicus against imported sea cucumbers, ten indicators (water, ash, salt, protein, total sugar, water-soluble total sugar, sand content, dry weight rate after rehydration, polysaccharides and saponins) of Apostichopus japonicus and six imported sea cucumbers were tested and evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA) in this research. The water, salt and water-soluble sugar contents of seven dried sea cucumbers were lower than 15%, 40% and 3% (W/W), respectively. Their protein content was higher than 40%, and their total sugar content and sand content ranged from 2.90% to 12.56% and from 0.52% to 11.23%, respectively. Moreover, their dry weight rate after rehydration ranged from 36.09% to 64.63%, and their contents of polysaccharides and saponins ranged from 1.88% to 7.71% and from 0 to 0.140%, respectively. The PCA evaluation revealed that Apostichopus japonicus had the best comprehensive quality (rich in nutrients, low sand content and high dry weight rate after rehydration), followed by Cucumaria frondos, Holothuria Mexicana, Isostichopus badionotus, Isostichopus fuscus, Holotoria Mammata, and Parastichopus californics.
[1] 中国科学院中国动物志委员会. 中国动物志,棘皮动物门,海参纲[M]. 北京:科学出版社, 2016.
[2] LI R, YU H, YUE Y, et al. Sulfated polysaccharides with antioxidant and anticoagulant activity from the sea cucumber Holothuria fuscogliva[J]. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 2017,35(4):763-769.
[3] YANG J, DING D, MOU J, et al. In vivo and in vitro antithrombus activities of depolymerized holothurian polysaccharides[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2017,94(Pt A):364-369.
[4] GOO L, GAO Z, ZHANG L, et al. Saponin-enriched sea cucumber extracts exhibit an antiobesity effect through inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and upregulation of LXR-β signaling[J]. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2016,54(8):1 312-1 325.
[5] 李学敏.海参及海参岩藻聚糖硫酸酯对小鼠黏膜免疫的调节作用[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学, 2014.
[6] 刘小芳.刺参营养成分的地域性差异分析及其磷脂的活性研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学, 2014.
[7] ERIKSSON H, CLARKE S. Chinese market responses to overexploitation of sharks and sea cucumbers[J]. Biological Conservation, 2015,184:163-173.
[8] 井君, 陈山乔,郭锐华,等. 美洲不同品种海参营养成分的比较分析[J]. 中国海洋药物, 2017,36(6):60-66.
[9] 刘芬.水产制品中总糖及海参中单糖成分研究[D]. 青岛:上海海洋大学, 2017.
[10] 黄鸾玉, 吴祥庆,庞燕飞,等. 主成分分析法综合评价水产品营养价值[J]. 食品科技, 2018,43(2):175-179.
[11] 孙其然, 刘培,李会伟,等. 不同产地莲藕下脚料中主要营养成分的分析与评价[J]. 食品工业科技, 2018,39(6):291-297.
[12] 王颖颖, 侯利霞,胡爱鹏,等. 主成分分析法评价市售芝麻酱产品品质[J]. 食品科学, 2017,38(6):310-314.
[13] YE L, XU L, LI J. Preparation and anticoagulant activity of a fucosylated polysaccharide sulfate from a sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioidea[J]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2012,87(3):2 052-2 057.
[14] 苏秀榕, 娄永江,常亚青,等. 海参的营养成分及海参多糖的抗肿瘤活性的研究[J]. 营养学报, 2003,25(2):181-182.
[15] ZHANG Y, SONG S, SONG D, et al. Proliferative effects on neural stem/progenitor cells of a sulfated polysaccharide purified from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus[J]. Journal of Bioscience & Bioengineering, 2010,109(1):67-72.
[16] 李甜甜.海参多糖抗肺癌活性及对T细胞免疫功能调节研究[D]. 青岛:青岛大学, 2015.
[17] 赵芹, 薛长湖,杨玉红,等. 海参皂苷echinoside A和ds-echinoside A对C57BL/6小鼠黑色素瘤B16自发性肺转移的影响[J]. 食品科学, 2012,33(9):230-234.
[18] ZHANG H W, YI Y H, YUAN W H, et al. Antifungal activities of four triterpene glycosides derived from se cucumber Actinopyga sp.[J]. Academic Journal of Second Military Medical University, 2010,30(5):521-526.
[19] 朱文嘉, 王联珠,郭莹莹,等. 干海参等级规格国家标准解读[J]. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2018,9(8): 1 759-1 763.
[20] 李烨.干海参质量评价关键指标的研究[D]. 青岛:中国海洋大学, 2012.
[21] 李志超.海参质量评定方法与加工工艺对品质的影响研究[D]. 大连:大连海洋大学, 2014.
[22] 王丽丽, 王妍,冯建岭. 干海参的质量控制指标分析[J]. 粮食与食品工业, 2017,24(6):67-69.
