通过筛选鸡腿菇(Coprinus comatus)培养基配方,以提高其生产效率。通过比较红糖、马铃薯-葡萄糖-麦粒、玉米粉3种配方对菌丝体生物量、培养液外观、菌丝球生长状态和营养成分的影响,筛选鸡腿菇最适液体种配方。分别对比菌丝在以麦粒、玉米芯及豆秸为主要成分的培养料中的生长速度及状况,选出最适原种配方(质量分数):豆秸88%,麦麸10%,过磷酸钙1%,生石灰1%。在原种培养基中分别添加质量分数为0%、4%、8%的玉米须,进行出菇试验,并对鸡腿菇子实体形成、商品性状、产量及营养成分进行比较分析。结果显示,最适的液体种配方为玉米粉配方,最适的原种配方为麦粒配方。添加玉米须的栽培种配方栽培出的鸡腿菇商品性状、生物转化率以及各种营养成分均优于对照组;添加4%玉米须的配方综合表现较理想,其生物转化率达91.58%, 黄酮含量比对照组提高91.52%,从覆土到子实体成熟平均用时为35.15 d,与对照差异不显著。玉米粉液体配方、麦粒原种配方,添加4%(质量分数)玉米须的栽培种配方可作为鸡腿菇高产高效的培养基配方推广使用。
Coprinus comatus is a kind of delicious edible mushrooms with high nutritional value, and the demand is increasing. By selecting culture medium formula of Coprinus comatus, the production efficiency of Coprinus comatus was improved, and the reference was provided for Coprinus comatus cultivation. In this study, the effects of three formulas of brown sugar, PD wheat grain and corn flour on the mycelial biomass, the appearance of culture medium, the growth state of hyphae and the nutrient composition were compared to screen the optimal liquid formula of Coprinus comatus. The optimum seed formula (bean stalk 88%, wheat bran 10%, superphosphate 1%, quicklime 1%) was selected by the growth rate and condition of mycelium in the culture material containing wheat kernels, corn cobs and bean straw. Different proportions of corn whiskers were added to the original seed medium to obtain fruiting bodies. Afterward, the formation of fruiting bodies, commercial traits, yield and nutrient composition of Coprinus comatus were analyzed. The results show that the addition of corn flour to the liquid medium is most suitable for mycelial growth. The commercial traits, biotransformation rate and various nutrients of Coprinus comatus obtained in the medium supplemented with corn whiskers were superior to control. Medium containing 4% corn whisker performed well, the biological conversion rate 91.58%, the content of flavonoids was 91.52% higher than the control, and it takes an average of 35 days from covering soil to fruiting body maturity. In summary, the corn flour liquid formula, the wheat grain original formula, and the cultivar formula containing 4% corn whisker could be used as a high-yield and high-efficiency medium formula of Coprinus comatus.
[1] 冯娜,张劲松,唐庆九,等.毛头鬼伞子实体中甾类化合物的结构鉴定及其抑制肿瘤细胞增殖活性的研究[J].菌物学报,2010,29(2):249-253.
[2] 刁治民,韩彦艳,杜军华,等.鸡腿菇经济价值及发展前景的探讨[J].青海草业,2010,19(2):9-14.
[3] 王灿琴,何铁光.鸡腿菇的营养与食疗[J].食用菌,2004,26(6):4.
[4] 形福国,王海霞,韩春超,等.鸡腿蘑多糖免疫功能的初步研究[J].食品科学,2003,24(6):139-141.
[5] 李师鹏,苏蕾.鸡腿蘑多糖的提取及其免疫活性抗肿瘤活性的研究[J].中国商办工业,2000(1):44-45.
[6] 杨宁波,张建民.鸡腿菇营养成分及应用价值[J].特种经济动植物,2000(5):31.
[7] 赖普辉,田光辉,周选围.鸡腿蘑的营养成分研究[J].汉中师范学院党报(自然科学),1998,16(2):45-47.
[8] 娄钧翼,李芬,潘益芳,等.培养基成分对鸡腿菇液态培养产漆酶的影响[J].中国食品学报,2013,13(3):135-139.
[9] 张培丽,庄岩,霍金海,等.玉米须有效化学成分及药理作用的研究概况[J].黑龙江中医药,2017,46(1):74-75.
[10] 张琳,姜文鑫,岳婧婧.玉米须研究进展[J].食品研究与开发,2016, 37(22):218-221.
[11] 陈耀章.玉米须化学成分药理作用最新研究[J].西部中医药,2015,28(2):141-145.
[12] 吕冬霞,王晓丽,魏凤香,等.玉米须多糖诱导人肝癌SMMC-7721细胞凋亡的研究[J].黑龙江医药科学,2006(4):28-29.
[13] JI Lilian, TAN Renxiang.Antimicrobial activities of maize silk extracts against food spoilage and food borne pathogens[J].Life Science Research,2001,5(1):68-72.
[14] 杜娟,许启泰.玉米须多糖的清热利胆作用及急性毒性研究[J].时珍国医国药,2007(1):75-77.
[15] 石娜,李远想,王尚堃,等.鸡腿菇玉米芯栽培培养料配方对比试验[J].北方园艺,2009(11):237-238.
[16] 王英平,李向高.玉米须化学成分和药理作用研究进展[J].特产研究,2004(2):42-46.
[17] 刘璐,廖李,胡建中,等.玉米须总黄酮的抗氧化性研究[J].食品工业科技,2014,35(15).
[18] 王英平.玉米须化学成分及其抗氧化作用研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2004.
[19] 张红娟,张朝阳,胡煜.三种常见食用菌菌糠营养成分分析及其对鸡腿菇菌丝生长的影响[J].陕西农业科学,2014,60(10):11-13.
[20] 米青山,杜继格.鸡腿菇出菇方式试验[J].食用菌,2004,26(3):36-37.
[21] 王波,鲜灵.鸡腿蘑周年栽培新技术[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,2005:107-108.
[22] 肖自添,刘明,何焕清.假芝驯化栽培及其抗氧化活性研究[J].菌物学报,2017,36(3):358-366.
[23] 贾冬英,乔玉兰.用正交法探讨苦荞麦茎及籽壳中总黄酮(芦丁)的乙醇提取工艺[J].食品科学,1997,18(6):23-25.
[24] FU X,ZHAO S,LI C,et al.Flight performance of Ctenoplusia agnata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)[J].J Econ Entomol,2017,110(3):986-994.
[25] 徐显利,吴玉堂,田晓蕾.时间对三种食用菌总糖含量测定的影响[J].中国林副特产,2011(3):21-22.
[26] GB 5009.5—2016 食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[27] GB 5009.6—2016 食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[28] GB 5009.4—2016 食品安全国家标准 食品中灰分的测定[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[29] 张丕奇,张介弛,刘佳宁,等.黑木耳富集沙棘黄酮栽培效果研究[J].中国食用菌,2010,29(5):25-27.
[30] 殷浩,佟万红,刘刚,等.桑枝食用菌对1-脱氧野尻霉素的富集作用[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(3):1 261-1 262;1 287.
