该文利用高通量测序技术全面解析宜宾产区浓香型白酒酿造生境中的微生物菌群结构,并对窖泥、大曲、酒醅和黄水中的细菌种类和丰度进行对比分析。结果表明,从宜宾产区白酒酿造生境的26个样品中共注释到来自于201个属的1 493个OTUs,主要分布于拟杆菌门(Bacteroidete)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和厚壁菌门(Firmicutes),其中5个属来自于古菌域的广古菌门(Euryarchaeota)。窖泥样品中微生物菌种的多样性最高,主要以古菌、瘤胃球菌和乳酸菌为主;大曲的多样性次之,主要包括未鉴定到属水平的细菌,芽胞杆菌、乳酸菌和高温放线菌等;酒醅和黄水中的微生物多样性最低,其主要微生物类群以乳酸菌和瘤胃球菌为主。宜宾产区浓香型白酒酿造过程微生物群落结构呈现出从多种微生物共同作用到功能微生物主要发挥作用的趋势。该研究为探究浓香型白酒酿造过程中功能微生物,解析白酒酿造机理,提升白酒品质奠定了基础。
Microbial communities of strong flavour Chinese Baijiu in the fermented habitats from Yibin region were comprehensively analyzed by high throughput sequencing. And the varieties and abundance of the bacteria from pit mud, daqu, fermented grains and yellow water were compared. The results indicated that a total of 1493 OTUs from 201 genera have been annotated in 26 samples collected from Baijiu fermented habitats of Yibin region, which were mainly distributed in phylum Bacteroidete, Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Among which, 5 genera were from phylum Euryarchaeota of domain Archaea. The microbial diversity was the highest in the pit mud samples and dominant bacteria were Achaea, lactic acid bacteria and Rumencoccus sp. Daqu samples, with the second highest microbial diversity, mainly included bacteria that have not been identified to genus level, lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus sp. and Thermoactinomyces sp. The lowest microbial diversities were in fermented grains and yellow water samples, of which the main microbial groups were lactic acid bacteria and Rumencoccus sp. There is a trend from multiple microorganisms to functional microorganisms in the fermented habitats of strong flavour Chinese Baijiu from Yibin region. This study laid a foundation for exploring the functional microorganisms in the fermentation process, analyzing the fermentation mechanism and improving the quality of strong flavour Chinese Baijiu.
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