左旋多巴(3,4-dihydroxylphenylalanine, L-DOPA)是一种L-酪氨酸(L-tyrosine, L-Tyr)的氨基酸类似物,在临床医学、美容保健等领域具有广阔的应用前景。通过生物信息学方法挖掘到Streptosporangium roseum DSM 43021来源的酪氨酸羟化酶(tyrosine hydroxylase, TH)基因(srth)在地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)中重组表达,结合墨蝶呤还原酶重组菌以L-Tyr为底物进行全细胞联合转化合成L-DOPA,并初步探究其催化过程。结果显示,srth具有保守的Fe2+及底物喋呤的氨基酸结合位点,与人来源的TH亲缘关系较远。SrTH蛋白胞内粗酶活力为30.7 U/mL,胞外酶活力为22.79 U/mL。利用srth重组菌Bl/pMH与墨蝶呤还原酶重组菌Bl/pMF全细胞联合转化L-Tyr,成功合成L-DOPA。TH催化合成L-DOPA过程中,四氢生物蝶呤(tetrahydrobiopterin, BH4)是限制酶反应进行的重要因素,L-Tyr的消耗量与BH4的需求量之比约为1∶2。研究首次实现了TH在地衣芽孢菌中的表达,成功基于B. licheniformis表达系统搭建L-DOPA新合成体系,对拓展酶催化法高效合成L-DOPA具有重要的指导意义和应用潜力。
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