为探究青钱柳叶适宜采收期,以浙江文成(WC)和湖南张家界(ZJJ)同种源5年生青钱柳为对象,研究其嫩叶抗氧化活性与酚类物质积累的动态变化。结果表明,随着采收期延迟,WC青钱柳叶自由基清除能力、还原力、总酚含量和总黄酮含量呈先增后降趋势,8月均达到峰值;而ZJJ青钱柳叶抗氧化活性和总酚含量表现出增加-降低-增加的双峰特征,除9月外总黄酮含量未有明显变化。在青钱柳叶提取物中初步鉴定出2种酚酸和10种黄酮,其中(+)-儿茶素仅在WC青钱柳叶中检出;2,3-O-二咖啡酰酒石酸含量与抗氧化活性有着高度正相关(r=0.917~0.941)。这说明青钱柳叶适宜采收期因产地而异, 2,3-O-二咖啡酰酒石酸在其抗氧化活性中起到较为重要的作用。
In order to explore the appropriate harvest time, the variation of antioxidant capacity and phenolic compounds in the leaves from 5-year-old C. paliurus trees of the same cultivar across two cultivation sites (Wencheng, WC; Zhangjiajie, ZJJ) were investigated. DPPH and ABTS scavenging ability, reducing power, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of WC leaves increased initially then decreased as the season progressed. Whereas antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content showed a distinct bimodal pattern, along with a slight variation in total flavonoid content except for September. Two phenolic acid and ten flavonoids were qualitatively identified in the extracts of C. paliurus leaves. Among them, (+)-catechin was detected in WC leaves, but not in ZJJ leaves. And the content of 2,3-O-dicaffeoyl tartaric acid was highly positively correlated with the tested antioxidant capacities (r=0.917-0.941). The results suggested that the appropriate harvest time of C. paliurus leaves, despite the same cultivar, differed across the cultivation site, and 2,3-O-dicaffeoyl tartaric acid might act as an important phenolics for antioxidant capacity of the eaves. It would provide the basis for quality control and product development of C. paliurus leaves.
[1] 谢明勇,李磊.青钱柳化学成分和生物活性研究概况[J].中草药,2001,32(4):365-366.
[2] 唐梅, 赵立春, 扈芷怡,等.青钱柳化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].国际药学研究杂志, 2017,44(9):851-859.
[3] FANG S,YANG W,CHU X, et al. Provenance and temporal variations in selected flavonoids in leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus[J]. Food Chemistry,2011,124(4):1 382-1 386.
[4] SULTANA S, ANWER F. Flavonols (kaempeferol, quercetin, myricetin) contents of selected fruits, vegetables and medicinal plants[J]. Food Chemistry,2008,108(3): 879-884.
[5] XIE J, WANG W, DONG C, et al. Protective effect of flavonoids from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves against carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver injury in mice[J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology,2018, 119(9):392-399.
[6] HU W, OUYANG K,WU G, et al. Hepatoprotective effect of flavonoid-enriched fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus leaves on LPS/D- GalN-induced acute liver failure[J]. Journal of Functional Foods, 2018, 48(9): 337-350.
[7] VERMA N, SHUKLA S. Impact of various factors responsible for fluctuation in plant secondary metabolites[J]. Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 2015, 2(4):105-113.
[8] 邓波, 韩业鑫, 李媛媛,等. 青钱柳种源间生长及黄酮积累的变异分析[J].安徽农业大学学报, 2017(6):1 024-1 031.
[9] LIU Y, CHEN P, ZHOU M, et al. Geographic variation in the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal) Iljinskaja leaves[J]. Molecules, 2018, 23(10):2 440-2 451.
[10] 徐丹丹.施氮对青钱柳生长和黄酮类化合物积累的影响[D].合肥:安徽农业大学, 2016.
[11] 邓波,尚旭兰,刘桂华,等.不同季节遮阴对青钱柳生长和主要次级代谢物积累的影响[J].北京林业大学学报, 2017, 39(9): 66-75.
[12] TÁLOS-NEBEHAJ E, HOFMANN T,ALBERT L. Seasonal changes of natural antioxidant content in the leaves of Hungarian forest trees[J].Industrial Crops and Products, 2017,98(4): 53-59.
[13] ZHANG Q,SU Y, ZHANG J. Seasonal difference in antioxidant capacity and active compounds contents of Eucommia ulmoides oliver leaf [J]. Molecules, 2013,18(2):1 857-1 868.
[14] CAO Y, FANG S, FU X, et al. Seasonal variation in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity in leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus (Batal.) Iljinskaja[J]. Forests, 2019,10(8): 624-640.
[15] 张欣.多酚化合物抗氧化性的化学—生物学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2008.
[16] 柏明娥,王丽玲,王衍彬,等.青钱柳叶片中活性成分含量的年动态变化[J].浙江林业科技, 2018, 38(5):21-26.
[17] 张晓瑢,廖循,丁立生.青钱柳的化学成分[J].应用与环境生物学报, 2001,1: 90-91.
[18] 魏娜,次顿,张唐伟. 西藏高原地理与气候因子对青稞功能性成分的影响[J].中国农业科技导报,2018, 20(12):115-121.
[19] LEE J, SCAGEL C F. Chicoric acid found in basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) leaves[J]. Food Chemistry, 2009, 115(2): 650-656.
[20] 金青,罗言,杨丽丽,等.HPLC-MS/MS法分析酿酒葡萄果皮多酚水解前后组成的变化[J].中国食品学报, 2015,15(12):186-194.
[21] 高学玲,申慧,邹明亮.HPLC-MS/MS法测定黄山贡菊花、叶和茎中酚类物质[J].天然产物研究与开发, 2013,25(5): 637-640.
[22] 王宏乐,李世东,郭荣君.黄瓜根分泌物中的7, 8-苯并黄酮及其对枯萎病发生的影响[J].植物病理学报,2000,40(4):411-418.
[23] 张选明. 芳香新塔花总黄酮保护内皮细胞、抑制炎症反应的抗动脉粥样硬化作用及机制研究[D].乌鲁木齐:新疆医科大学, 2018.
[24] 宋瑞,许风国,许磊.大鼠灌服枳实提取液后体内黄酮类代谢产物的LC-MS/MS分析[J].中国药科大学学报, 2010, 41(6): 539-547.
[25] FRAISSE D, FELGINES C, TEXIER O, et al. Caffeoyl derivatives: major antioxidant compounds of some wild herbs of the Asteraceae family[J].Food and Nutrition Sciences, 2011, 2:181-192.
[26] THYGESEN L, THULIN J, MORTENSEN A, et al. Antioxidant activity of cichoric acid and alkamides from Echinacea purpurea, alone and in combination[J]. Food Chemistry, 2007,101(1):74-81.