利用固相萃取-气相色谱法和氨基酸分析仪等方法测定酸马奶片及其原料酸马奶的营养成分,并进行统计学评价,为传统酸马奶的开发利用提供理论依据。结果表明,酸马奶片蛋白质和脂肪的质量分数均显著高于酸马奶;酸马奶片的乳酸菌和酵母菌总数分别为8.8×104和1.5×105 CFU/g;酸马奶片中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸、药效氨基酸、鲜味氨基酸和芳香族氨基酸质量分数均显著高于酸马奶;酸马奶片的贴近值、必需氨基酸指数等均大于酸马奶;酸马奶片中,不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为(40.22±5.92)%,其中质量分数最高的多不饱和脂肪酸为亚油酸[(6.92±0.93)%],其次为α-亚麻酸[(4.11±0.33)%];酸马奶片含有多种矿物质和维生素,钠钾比为0.13,泛酸、磷、铜、钾和钙可满足人体需要。酸马奶片不仅保留了酸马奶较高的营养价值,且在滋味、气味、氨基酸等方面有所提升,具有良好的开发价值。
In order to explore the nutritional value of Koumiss (fermented mare’s milk) tablet and provide theoretical basis for the development and utilization of traditional Koumiss,solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography,automatic amino acid analyzer and other measures were used to analysis general and nutritional composition of Koumiss tablet and raw Koumiss. The nutritional value was evaluated by statistics analysis. Results indicated that the mass fraction of protein and fat in Koumiss tablet were significantly higher than Koumiss. The total number of lactic acid bacteria and total yeast in Koumiss tablet were 8.8×104 and 1.5×105 CFU/g,respectively. The total content of amino acids,essential amino acids,medicinal amino acids,umami amino acids and aromatic amino acids in Koumiss tablet were significantly higher than those in Koumiss. Amino acid score,closeness,essential amino acid index,chemical score,ratio coefficient,ratio coefficient score of Koumiss tablet were all higher than Koumiss. The mass fraction of unsaturated fatty acids in Koumiss tablet was (40.22±5.92)%,and the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid was linoleic acid,its mass fraction was (6.92±0.93)%,followed by α-linolenic acid (4.11±0.33)%. In Koumiss tablet,the ratio of saturated fatty acid,monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid was 1:0.49:0.18,the ratio of unsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids was 0.67. Additional,Koumiss tablet contained a variety of minerals and vitamins and sodium-to-potassium ratio was 0.13. The index of nutritional quality of pantothenic acid,phosphorus,copper,potassium and calcium were all greater than 1,these nutrients could meet human needs,especially pantothenic acid and calcium. Koumiss tablet has a great develop value not only for its higher nutritional value,but also improved taste,smell,amino acids and other aspects.
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