采用喷雾干燥法,以黑枸杞花青素为芯材,以糯米淀粉(rice starch,RS)、改性糯米淀粉(modified rice starch,MRS)、改性淀粉复合麦芽糊精(modified rice starch-maltodextrin,MRS-MD)、改性淀粉复合明胶(modified rice starch-gelatin,MRS-GL)、改性淀粉复合阿拉伯树胶(modified rice starch-gum arabic,MRS-GA)为壁材制备5种微胶囊。通过测定微胶囊包埋效率,研究贮藏稳定性,观察外观形貌和模拟胃肠道消化来分析不同壁材对微胶囊的影响。结果表明,不同的壁材会影响微胶囊的包埋效率、贮藏稳定性、外观形貌及缓释特性。以MRS-GL为壁材的黑枸杞花青素微胶囊包埋效率最高(83.7%);以MRS-GL和MRS-GA为壁材的微胶囊降解速率较小且符合二级降解动力学模型、贮藏稳定性较好,可有效阻止外界环境因素对花青素的影响;以MRS-GL、MRS-GA、MRS-MD为壁材的部分微胶囊呈现为光滑的圆球形;而MRS-MD更能提高花青素的生物利用度,减少肠液对花青素的降解,能够保证其在人体内的吸收利用。微胶囊的外观形貌、包埋效率和颗粒稳定性三者之间具有一定的相关性。
Five kinds of microcapsules were prepared by spray drying method, using Lycium ruthenicum Murr anthocyanin as core material and RS, MRS, MRS-MD, MRS-GL and MRS-GA as wall materials. By measuring the embedding efficiency of microcapsules, studying the storage stability, observing the appearance and simulating the digestion of the gastrointestinal tract, the differences of microcapsules made with different wall materials were analyzed. The results showed that different wall materials had different effects on the quality of microcapsules, such as the embedding efficiency, storage stability, morphology and slow-release characteristics. The highest embedding efficiency (83.7%) was obtained when MRS-GL was used as the wall material. The degradation rate of microcapsules with MRS-GL and MRS-GA as the wall material were relatively small and conformed to the secondary degradation kinetic model. Moreover, their stability was excellent and could effectively prevent the influence of external environmental factors on anthocyanins. Some of the microcapsules with MRS-GL, MRS-GA, and MRS-MD as wall materials appeared smooth and spherical. The microcapsules made with MRS-MD could improve the bioavailability of anthocyanins and reduce the degradation of anthocyanins by intestinal juice, which could ensure its absorption and utilization in the human body. There was a certain correlation between the morphology, embedding efficiency rate and particle stability.
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