基于顶空气相离子迁移谱技术(headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy, HS-GC-IMS)分析北京平谷、山西运城、江苏阳山、浙江杭州、四川都江堰5个产地水蜜桃气味指纹图谱,采用主成分分析法(principal component analysis, PCA) 和匹配矩阵,分析其挥发性有机物(volatile organic compounds, VOCs)气味指纹图谱差异。结果表明,5个不同产地水蜜桃中都含有乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、乙酸戊酯和乙酸异戊酯等大量酯类物质,多数挥发性有机物种类相同,但含量存在较大差异。运城水蜜桃比其他4种水蜜桃的特异性挥发有机物多,己醛、1-己醇和1-丙醇等含量明显高于其他4种。乙酸丙酯、乙酸异戊酯、3-甲基-1-丁醇乙酸酯等为阳山水蜜桃特异性挥发性有机物;乙酸戊酯在杭州水蜜桃中含量高于其他4种。阳山与都江堰水蜜桃虽都为白凤,但两者风味差异明显。通过PCA和匹配矩阵图分析,可很好地区分5个不同产地水蜜桃气味差异。顶空气相离子迁移谱技术可快速区分不同产地水蜜桃挥发性有机物差异,为水蜜桃挥发性气味评价、产地鉴别提供一定参考数据。
Headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectroscopy (HS-GC-IMS) was performed to analyze the odor fingerprints of nectarines collected from five different locations (Pinggu Beijing, Yuncheng Shanxi, Yangshan Jiangsu, Hangzhou Zhejiang, and Dujiangyan Sichuan). Principal component analysis (PCA) and a matching matrix were then used to explore differences in the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) odor fingerprints. A high quantity of esters was found in nectarines from all samples, including ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, amyl acetate and isoamyl acetate. Most of the VOCs were the same type, but showed different concentration. Yuncheng nectarines showed the highest content of specific VOCs compared to the other four kinds of samples, which showed significantly higher contents of hexanal, 1-hexanol, and 1-propanol. While, propyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, and 3-methylbutyl acetate were specifically found in Yangshan nectarines. The amyl acetate content in Hangzhou nectarines was higher than that found in the other four types. Both Yangshan and Dujiangyan nectarines were Baifeng variety, but had distinct flavors due to their adaption of different geographical environments. Through 3D-PCA and matching matrix analysis, five nectarines could be distinguished from each other. HS-GC-IMS could be used to rapidly distinguish differences in VOCs among nectarines of different locations, thus providing data and theoretical support for the evaluation of volatile odors and the identification of producing areas of nectarines.
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