为提高兔骨粉的脱脂率,以兔四肢骨为原料进行超声辅助溶剂脱脂工艺参数优化。以脱脂率及蛋白质保留率筛选脱脂剂,并通过单因素及Box-Behnken响应面试验优化超声波辅助脱脂参数,对比研究不同工艺条件下兔骨粉的脱脂率,再进行生产验证试验。结果表明,乙酸乙酯为最优脱脂剂;经单因素试验,超声波辅助脱脂的最佳条件为液料比5∶1(g∶g)、超声波功率360 W、超声波处理时间15 min;在单因素的基础上,用响应面法优化超声波辅助脱脂参数,建立了二次回归方程,最终优化得到兔骨超声波辅助脱脂工艺最佳参数为液料比5.3∶1(g∶g),超声波功率480 W,超声波处理时间24 min,脱脂率达到(94.63±0.20)%,与理论预测值的相对误差<5%,这将对动物骨粉的应用产生一定的指导意义。
In order to improve the degreasing rate of rabbit bone meal, the parameters of ultrasonic assisted solvent degreasing process were optimized with rabbit limb bone as raw material. In this study, the degreasing agent was selected by degreasing rate and protein retention rate, and the ultrasonic assisted degreasing parameters were optimized by single factor and Box-Behnken response surface experiment. The degreasing rates of rabbit bone meal under different technological conditions were compared and studied, and the production validation test was carried out finally. Results showed that ethyl acetate is the best degreaser. By single factor experiment, the optimum conditions of ultrasonic assisted degreasing were liquid to material ratio of 5∶1(g∶g), ultrasonic power of 360 W, ultrasonic time of 15 min. On the basis of single factor, the parameters of ultrasonic assisted degreasing were optimized by response surface method, and the quadratic regression equation was established, the optimal parameters of ultrasonic assisted degreasing process of rabbit bone were obtained finally, which were liquid to material ratio of 5.3∶1(g∶g), ultrasonic power of 480 W, ultrasonic time of 24 min, the degreasing rate of rabbit bone meal was (94.63±0.20)%, the relative error with the theoretical prediction value was less than 5%, which will have certain guiding significance for the application of animal bone meal.
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