该文探究普通粉碎和超微粉碎对天山雪耳子实体营养成分溶出率和化学成分的影响。利用激光粒度分析仪测定天山雪耳子实体的粒径,并采用国家标准方法测定其脂肪、蛋白质、多糖等营养成分,气相色谱-质谱联用技术测定化学成分组成。结果显示,天山雪耳子实体经过普通粉碎的平均粒径为328.460 μm,脂肪含量0.8%、蛋白质含量13.46%、粗多糖含量22.86%(均为质量分数);天山雪耳子实体经过超微粉碎的平均粒径为67.518 μm,脂肪含量1.6%、蛋白质含量15.10%、粗多糖含量34.58%(均为质量分数);超微粉碎技术可有效增加营养成分的溶出率。天山雪耳子实体的主要化学成分组成为醇类、酸类和酯类化合物,普通粉碎和超微粉碎的共性成分有1,2-环戊二酮、2,3-二氢-3,5二羟基-6-甲基-4(H)-吡喃-4-酮、2,3-二甲基马来酸酐、E,E,Z-1,3,12-十九碳三烯-5,14-二醇、黏糠酸、亚油酸、亚油酸乙酯、反油酸乙酯,超微粉碎后醇类物质和烷烃类物质含量均增加,酮类物质含量下降。通过实验结果可看出,天山雪耳是优质的胶质菌,不同粉碎工艺得到的化学成分有差异,超微粉碎工艺对天山雪耳的营养成分溶出有显著的效果,该工艺对食用菌营养成分的溶出有着广阔的开发前景。
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of regular grinding and ultrafine grinding on the dissolution rate of the nutritional content and chemical composition in the fruit body of Tremella sp.tianshan. the particle size, fat, protein, polysaccharide and other nutrients of Tremella sp.tianshan and chemical composition were detected. The results showed that the average particle size of regular powder and ultrafine powder reached 328.460 μm and 67.518 μm respectively. Moreover, compared with regular powder, ultrafine grinding technology can effectively increase the dissolution rate of the nutritional content in term of fat (1.6%), protein (15.10%), crude polysaccharides (34.58%) of ultrafine powder. Through GC-MS (gas phase-mass spectrometry) analysis, the chemical components obtained by different grinding methods had common components and their unique components, and the main chemical constituents of Tremella sp.tianshan were alcohols, acids and esters. The common components including 1,2-cyclopentanedione, 2,3-dihydro-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one, 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride, E,E,Z-1,3,12-nonadecatriene-5,14-diol, muconic acid, linoleic acid, ethyl linoleate, and elaidic acid ethyl ester. The content of alcohols and alkanes increased, but ketones decreased in ultrafine grinding treatment. So Tremella sp.tianshan was a high-quality jelly fungi and different crushing processes had significant effect on the dissolution of the nutrients of Tremella sp.tianshan. This process has paved a broad way for the utilization of Tremella sp.tianshan.
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