酵母属酵母酒精发酵过程中甘油的生成量受多种因素的影响。研究选用1株贝酵母(Saccharomyces bayanus)和6株酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)(编号依次为X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7),分别在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃和35℃下发酵模拟葡萄汁,考察酵母的产甘油能力。7株酵母在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃下发酵良好,35℃发酵,受到不同程度的抑制。相同发酵温度下不同酵母间产甘油能力具有极显著差异性(P<0.01);同一酵母在不同发酵温度下甘油产量也具有极显著差异性(P<0.01),其中X2酵母甘油产量最高,且随着温度的升高甘油产量增幅最高,在30℃下发酵时达到最高值10.95g/L,较15℃发酵时增加3.40g/L。以产甘油能力最高的酿酒酵母X2为试验菌株,研究热刺激温度(30℃、35℃、40℃、45℃、50℃)与热刺激时间(10min、20min)对甘油产量的影响。20min/50℃甘油产量最高为14.76g/L。在各处理温度下,将热刺激时间由10min延长至20min,酵母甘油产量均有极显著提高(P<0.01),最高增幅为4.54g/L;相同热刺激时间下提高温度,酵母甘油产量也有极显著提高(P<0.01),最高增幅为3.79g/L。因此热刺激处理为提高酵母属酵母甘油产量的有效措施之一。

The production of glycerol was affected by many factors.In this paper,one strain of Saccharomyces bayanus and six strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae(followed by the number X1,X2,X3,X4,X5,X6,and X7)were selected to ferment synthetic grape juice at 15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃,and 35℃ to study the ability of yeast on glycerol production.The results showed that seven strains of yeasts had good fermentation at 15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃,while at 35℃ they were inhibited at different degrees.During same fermentation temperature,there was significant difference between different yeasts about the production ability of glycerol(P< 0.01),and same phenomenon was happened for same yeast at different fermentation temperatures(P<0.01).Among the seven strains of yeast,X2 produced the highest content of glycerol,which was increased with the improving of temperature.For example,it can produce 10.95 g/L of glycerol at 30℃,which was 3.40 g/L more than that at 15℃.Following the results above,we chose yeast X2 as the test yeast to study the effects of heat shock temperature(30℃,35℃,40℃,45℃,and 50℃),and heat shock time(10 min and 20 min)on the production of glycerol.The results showed that the highest glycerol content was achieved at 50℃/20min,which was 14.76 g/L.During different heat stimulating temperatures,by increasing the heat stimulating time from 10 min to 20 min,the production of glycerol was significantly increased(P<0.01),the maximum increase was 4.54 g/L.Also,during the same heat shock time,by increasing the heat shock temperature,the glycerol production was significantly increased(P<0.01);the maximum increase was 3.79 g/L.Therefore,the results showed that heat shock treatment was the effective way to increase the production of glycerol.