作为食品级的乳酸菌分泌的胞外多糖,由于其具有很多优良的功能特性,成为了近年来的研究热点。胞外多糖产量偏低限制了其工业化应用,因此从基因水平上探索增加乳酸菌胞外多糖产量的途径是大有裨益的。文中详细阐述了胞外多糖的分类、结构,同型多糖和异性多糖生物合成过程及其差异,以及在合成过程中的遗传调控,并介绍了一些增加产量的有效调控手段,为深入的研究提供理论参考。

Exopolysaccharides is produced by Lactic acid bacteria which is General Recognized As Safe status(GRAS).As its excellent functions,it is becoming a research hotspot recently.However,its industrial application is limited by the low production level.Therefore,it is significant for studying the genetics to improve the production.This paper mainly concerns about the classification and structure of exopolysaccharides,biosynthesis of homopolysaccharides and heteropolysaccharides,besides the discrepancies between these two exopolysaccharides.Genetic regulation and some effective regulation measures are closely discussed as well.This paper should provide a theoretical reference for further research.