以多糖得率为指标优化并比较了超声波辅助、微波辅助、加速溶剂萃取以及水浴回流等4种方法提取灵芝子实体多糖的最佳条件,同时结合高效体积排阻色谱分析方法比较不同方法提取多糖的相对分子质量分布情况。结果显示:超声波辅助提取条件下多糖的得率较高,对多糖结构的破坏也较小。同时比较了超声波辅助提取的不同来源的赤芝子实体多糖的分子量分布情况。结果表明,不同菌株、不同栽培方式以及不同产地等都会对灵芝多糖的分子质量分布产生一定的影响。

We investigated the optimal extraction condition of Ganoderma lucidum( G. lucidum) fruiting bodies polysaccharides by comparing the four extraction methods of ultrasonic-assisted extraction,microwave-assisted extraction,accelerated solvent extraction and water bath reflux extraction. The simultaneously molecular weight distribution of polysaccharides extracted under different extraction conditions were analyzed by high performance size exclusion chromatography. Results showed that the yield of polysaccharides extracted under ultrasonic assisted condition was higher,and the structure of polysaccharides was less damaged. Moreover,molecular weight distributions of polysaccharides from different G. lucidum fruiting bodies by ultrasonic-assisted extraction were determined and compared.The results showed that the differences were obvious,and the strains,cultivation and geographical regions all had influences on molecular weight distribution.