采用超声-微波协同萃取法提取油菜蜂花粉中黄酮类物质,以总黄酮提取率为指标,研究分析乙醇体积分数、提取时间、料液比、微波功率4个因素对提取效果的影响,并利用正交实验优化提取工艺,确定最佳条件为乙醇体积分数90%,液料比(mL∶g)30∶1,微波功率260 W,提取时间180 s。此条件下,总黄酮提取率达3.36%。与热回流、超声法、微波法相比,超声-微波协同萃取法提取效率明显提高,同时具有节能,安全的优点。液质分析结果表明,超声-微波协同萃取得到的油菜蜂花粉黄酮类物质主要有4种,分别为槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3,4'-双-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。

Flavonoids were extracted from Brassica napus L.bee pollen by ultrasonic-microwave synergistic method.The effects of alcohol concentration,extraction time,liquid-solid ratio,and microwave power on the extraction yield of total flavonoids were studied.The optimal extraction conditions determined through single-factor and orthogonal experiments were as follows:alcohol concentration 90%,liquid-solid ratio 30∶ 1,microwave power 260 W and extraction time 180 s.Under the above conditions,the extraction yield of total flavonoids was up to 3.36%.Compared with hot reflux extraction,ultrasonic and microwave extraction,ultrasonic-microwave method had obvious high efficiency.Moreover,ultrasonic-microwave method had the advantages of low energy consumption and safe.LC-MS analyses exhibited that four kinds of flavonoid aglycones were identified in the ultrasonic-microwave synergistic extraction of Brassica napus L.bee pollen:Quercetin-3-O-β-D-pyranoid glucose base-(1 → 2)-β-D-pyranoid glycosidase,Kaempferol-3,4 '-double-O-β-D-pyranoid glycosidase,Isohtamnetin-3-O-β-D-pyranoid glucose base-(1 →2)-β-Dpyranoid glycosidase and Kaempferol-3-O-β-D-pyranoid glucose base-(1→2) β-D-pyranoid glycosidase.