以苹果籽壳为原料,采用溶剂提取法提取其中的色素,研究了不同的提取剂、料液比、温度、提取时间对苹果籽壳粗色素提取效果的影响,确定了适宜的提取工艺条件。对所得粗提色素分别用醇沉法和酸沉法进行纯化,并对纯化后的色素进行了化学定性、紫外-可见分光光谱及红外光谱分析。结果表明:在Na OH 2.0%、料液比1∶30(g∶m L)、温度70℃、时间1.5 h条件下,粗提色素的得率为6.205%。紫外-可见光谱分析表明,醇沉色素和酸沉色素均在264 nm处有吸收峰。红外光谱分析表明,2种纯化后的色素含有芳香环及酚羟基,且酸沉色素中存在亚甲基和酯羰基结构,而醇沉色素中不存在这些结构,2种色素的芳香环上的取代基团也各不相同。结合色素的化学性质鉴定,苹果籽壳色素为含有苯环和邻二酚羟基的多酚类物质,不属于典型的黄酮类色素。文中对苹果籽壳色素的提取、特性及结构进行了研究,对苹果籽资源的综合利用以及天然色素的开发具有意义。

The crude pigment was extracted from the apple seed shells by using the method of solvent extraction.The influences of different factors such as the different solvents,Na OH concentration,solid-liquid ratio,temperature and time on the extraction effects of the crude pigment were compared,and the suitable extracted conditions were determined. The purified pigment were obtained separately with the methods of acid-precipitation and ethanol-precipitation. The chemical properties,UV-visible spectra and infrared( IR) spectra of the purified pigments were analyzed.The results showed that the suitable conditions of extracting crude pigment were as follows: 2. 0% Na OH solution as extraction agent,solid-liquid ratio 1∶ 30,extraction temperature 70℃,extraction time 1. 5 h. With these conditions,the yield of the crude pigment was 6. 205%. The UV-visible spectrum analysis showed that there was an apparent absorption peak near 264 nm for both ethanol-precipitation pigment and acid-precipitation pigment. IR spectrum analysis revealed that the two kinds of purified pigments had functional groups including aromatic rings and phenolic hydroxyl groups structure. The acid-precipitation pigment include the methylene structure and ester carbonyl structure,but ethanol-precipitation pigment didn't exist in these structures and the substituents on the aromatic rings of the two kinds of pigments were different from each other. According to the results of chemical property analysis,it was concluded preliminarily that the pigment from apple seed shells was not a kind of typical flavonoids but polyphenolic compounds with aromatic rings and two adjacent hydroxide groups. This was the first study on the extraction process,chemical properties and structure of the apple seed pigment,which would have important implications for the comprehensive utilization of the apple seed source and the exploitation of the natural pigment.