通过溶胶-凝胶过程,采用真空冷冻干燥工艺制备普鲁兰多糖气凝胶。通过调节前驱体质量浓度(0.02~0.1 g/mL)、pH值(5.0~9.0)以及干燥时间(1~3 d)等工艺参数,对产物的孔隙率、机械强度、微观结构以及热力学性能等进行分析。结果显示:普鲁兰多糖气凝胶的孔隙率随着前驱体质量浓度的增大而升高,满足一元线性方程y=99.11-1.21x,且随着pH值的升高以及干燥时间的延长而增高;抗压性能则随前驱体质量浓度的增大而增强(y=-4.19+1.56x),随pH值的升高而略有减弱,随着干燥时间的延长而减弱;吸湿性随着前驱体质量浓度的增大,先降低后升高,而随pH变化不明显,随干燥时间的延长而升高;澳洲茶树精油装载能力随前驱体质量浓度的增大而降低,随pH升高而升高,干燥2 d时为最佳。由此推论,选用前驱体质量浓度为0.06 g/mL,pH 8.0,干燥2 d等工艺条件,可以得到具备良好的孔隙率、机械强度、较低吸湿率以及良好茶树精油装载能力的气凝胶产品,可满足今后生产应用需求。
To explore the preparation conditions of Pullulan (PUL) aerogels,so as to provide basis for the application of PUL aerogels.PUL aerogels were prepared by sol-gel process and vacuum freeze drying process.The porosity,mechanical strength,microstructure and thermal mechanical properties of the products were analyzed by adjusting the technological parameters such as precursor concentration (0.02-0.1 g/mL),pH value (5.0-9.0) and drying time (1-3 d).The porosity of PUL aerogels increased with the increase of precursor concentration,and the relationship between them wasy=99.11-1.21x.In addition,the porosity increases with the increase of pH and drying time.The compressive strength increased with the increase of precursor concentration (y=-4.19+1.56x),decreased slightly with the increase of pH and decreased with the extension of drying time.The hygroscopicity decreased first and then increased with the increase of precursor concentration,increased with the extension of drying time,but did not change significantly with pH.The loading capacity of Australian tea essential oil decreased with the increase of precursor concentration,and increased with the increase of pH.The best drying condition was 2 days.The aerogel products with good porosity,mechanical strength,low moisture absorption rate and good tea essential oil loading capacity can be obtained by using the preparation conditions of precursor concentration of 0.06 g/mL,pH 8.0 and drying time for 2 days,which meet the requirements of production and application in the future.
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