水产品在贮运和加工过程中极易腐败,微生物是引起腐败的主要原因,腐败希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌分别是低温有氧贮藏海水鱼和淡水鱼时的特定腐败菌。为探讨环境因子和底物对特定腐败菌的影响,以源自大黄鱼和罗非鱼中的腐败希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌为对象,探究不同底物、温度、pH和NaCl影响下的菌体生长动态,采用Gompertz方程拟合生长曲线,定量分析对其最大比生长速率(μmax)和迟滞期(λ)的影响,并使用Belehradek方程描述其μmax与温度间的关系。结果表明:底物对腐败希瓦氏菌和假单胞菌生长影响较为明显;而温度对其生长影响最为显著,是影响腐败速率的决定性因素;pH对腐败希瓦氏菌生长影响较大,pH为7时其μmax高于pH为6时,但对假单胞菌无明显影响,pH为4和5时,两者均不生长;NaCl含量对腐败希瓦氏菌生长有显著影响,随着NaCl含量的升高,其μmax和λ降低。该研究可为探究水产品腐败菌调控因子筛选、靶向抑菌和延长产品货架期等提供支撑。
Aquatic products are putrefactive, which is mainly resulted from microorganisms. At low temperature and aerobic storage, Shewanella putrefaciens and Pseudomonas spp. are the specific spoilage organisms of marine fish and freshwater fish, respectively. To investigate the effect of substrates and environmental factors on specific spoilage organisms, the growth kinetics of S. putrefaciens and Pseudomonas spp. isolated from large yellow croaker and tilapia respectively were analyzed in different substrate, temperature, pH, and NaCl solution. The growth curve was fitted using Gompertz equation. The kinetic parameters were recorded and used to analyze the effect of environmental factors on maximum specific growth rate (μmax) and lag phage (λ). Then the Belehradek equation was used to describe the relation between their μmax and temperature. The results showed that substrate had influence on the growth of S. putrefaciens and Pseudomonas spp.; while temperature had significant influence on their growth, which became the determining factor of spoilage rate; pH had an influence on S. putrefaciens, which grew faster in pH 7 than in pH 6, while Pseudomonas spp. had similar growth rates in pH 7 and pH 6; neither of them could grow in pH 4 and pH 5; the growth of S. putrefaciens was influenced by the concentration of NaCl solution notably, its μmax and λ decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration. This research aims to provide support for exploring the screening of spoilage bacteria regulatory factors, targeting bacterial inhibition and prolonging product shelf life.
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