为探究保宁醋“中药醋曲”发酵过程中微生物数量与理化性质的变化规律及不同醅层间的差异,测定了醋曲发酵过程中不同醅层间的理化、关键微生物数量及生化指标。结果表明,中药醋曲的醅温最高55 ℃,属于中温型大曲;醋曲在发酵过程中,微生物数量先增加后减少再回升至稳定状态,其中芽孢杆菌数量在发酵后期持续增加,且曲表微生物数量普遍高于曲心;不同醅层醋曲的理化指标变化趋势相似,其中水分含量、淀粉含量、还原糖含量总体呈下降趋势,pH值降低后回升至7左右;生化指标中,不同醅层的曲样液化力与酯化力均呈波动上升的趋势,发酵结束时曲表样品液化力有所下降,曲表糖化力先增加后减少,发酵结束时为1 017 mg/(g·h),曲心糖化力逐渐降低,最终为107.11 mg/(g·h)。相关性分析表明,温度和水分是影响醋曲微生物数量的重要环境因子,霉菌及酵母菌数、芽孢杆菌数分别与醋曲的糖化力、液化力强相关。
严唯玮
,
黄静
,
肖蕾
,
汪明
,
袁硕
,
李建龙
,
刘爱平
,
敖晓琳
,
刘书亮
,
陈蓉
,
杜大钊
. 保宁醋“中药醋曲”发酵过程中微生物数量及理化性质动态分析[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2021
, 47(20)
: 83
-89
.
DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.026214
In order to explore the dynamic changes of microorganisms and physicochemical properties of different layers in the fermentation of Baoning vinegar using “herb Daqu starter”, the physicochemical indicators, biochemical performance and the number of key microorganisms were analyzed. The Daqu was classified as mesothermal type according to the maximum temperature of 55 ℃. The total viable counts increased rapidly and then decreased in the early stage of fermentation, subsequently the number recovered to a stable state, the number of Bacillus continued to increase in the late stage of fermentation. The total viable count in the epidermis was generally higher than that of the center. There was no significant difference in the changing trend of physicochemical indexes of Daqu in different layers. The moisture content, starch and reducing sugar content generally reduced, and the pH value rose back to 7.0 after a decrease first. The liquefaction and esterification abilities of all samples showed a fluctuating upward trend, while the liquefaction ability of epidermis sample decreased at the end of fermentation. The saccharification ability of epidermis sample increased first and then decreased to 1 017 mg/(g·h), while that of the center sample decreased to 107.11 mg/(g·h). Correlation analysis showed that temperature and moisture significantly affected the number of microorganisms in vinegar Daqu, and the number of molds and yeasts, Bacillus were significantly related to the saccharification and liquefaction abilities of vinegar Daqu, respectively.
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