食品与发酵工业 >

2022 , Vol. 48 >Issue 6: 233 - 240

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.027899

分析与检测

六种家畜乳氨基酸特征聚类分析

  • 杨惠茹 ,
  • 郭军 ,
  • 古斯愣图 ,
  • 王越男 ,
  • 张春华 ,
  • 孙海洲
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  • 1(内蒙古农业大学 食品科学与工程学院,内蒙古 呼和浩特,010018)
    2(内蒙古农牧业科学院动物营养与饲料研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特,010031)
硕士研究生(郭军教授为通信作者,E-mail:guojunge@imau.edu.cn)

收稿日期: 2021-05-04

  修回日期: 2021-05-31

  网络出版日期: 2022-04-25

基金资助

国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(31760489)

收起

Cluster analysis on amino acid properties of six livestock milk

  • YANG Huiru ,
  • GUO Jun ,
  • Gusilengtu ,
  • WANG Yuenan ,
  • ZHANG Chunhua ,
  • SUN Haizhou
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  • 1(College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China)
    2(Institute of Animal Nutrition and Feed, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031, China)

Received date: 2021-05-04

  Revised date: 2021-05-31

  Online published: 2022-04-25

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摘要

采集荷斯坦牛(牛)、蒙古马(马)、双峰驼、山羊、水牛和牦牛6种家畜乳代表性样品55份,测定18种氨基酸,进行传统描述性统计、营养学评价和聚类分析。结果表明,6种家畜乳氨基酸绝对含量(mg/g)差异极显著(P<0.01)。总氨基酸是联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织人乳数据的1.7~5.4倍,其中牦牛和水牛最高,山羊和骆驼次之,牛次低,马的最低。氨基酸百分含量(%)主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)结果显示,6种乳样在三维空间自然聚类中符合物种远近,牛、牦牛、水牛和山羊4种牛科聚类同一个相区,而驼乳和马乳远远分布另外2个相区,人乳与马乳最接近。人乳色氨酸、半胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、精氨酸含量(%)在家畜乳中相对不足;山羊色氨酸含量最接近人乳。家畜乳及人乳间必需氨基酸(essential amino acid,EAA)模式差异极显著(P<0.01),6种家畜乳PCA相对集中,而人乳游离较远,说明人乳EAA模式与动物差异大;山羊和马乳与人乳相对最接近。以家畜乳氨基酸百分含量数据建立软独立建模分类物种判别模型,内部和外部验证准确率分别为100%和92.76%;外部验证错误出现在牛科动物乳判别中;人乳与6种家畜乳都不符合,再次说明人乳氨基酸与动物的差异很大。化学计量学聚类分析比传统描述性统计和营养学评价更能直观全息地呈现乳的氨基酸整体特征,研究可为评价乳品营养和真实性提供创新策略、原理和方法。

关键词： 家畜乳; 氨基酸; 主成分分析; 软独立建模分类; 真实性; 人乳

本文引用格式

杨惠茹 , 郭军 , 古斯愣图 , 王越男 , 张春华 , 孙海洲 . 六种家畜乳氨基酸特征聚类分析[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2022 , 48(6) : 233 -240 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.027899

Abstract

A total of 55 representative milk samples of Holstein cow(cow), Mongolian horse(horse), Bactrian camel, goat, buffalo and yak were collected for the determination of 18 amino acids(AA) by traditional descriptive statistics, nutritional evaluation and cluster analysis. The results showed that the amino acids absolute content (mg/g) were significantly different (P<0.01). Total amino acid(TAA)of the six animal milk were 1.7-5.4 times higher than that of mix human milk released from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). And in which, TAA of yak and buffalo were the highest, followed by the goat, camel, cow and horse milk. Principal component analysis(PCA) on percentage data of AA (AA/TAA, %) showed that clustering of six livestock milk samples in 3D space conformed to taxonomy class of the animal’s species, four Bovidae animal milk samples clustered in the same region, while the cluster of horse and camel milk samples were far in another two regions. Human milk was close to horse milk. Trp, Cys, Asp and Arg in human milk were relatively insufficient in livestock milk. The amount of Trp in Goat was close to human milk. Essential amino acid (EAA) pattern of livestock milk was significantly different from human milk (P<0.01). PCA showed that the milk of six livestock was relatively together, while the human milk was far away from them, which implied that the EAA pattern of human milk was significantly different from that of animals. Goat and horse milk were relatively close to human milk according to their EAA pattern. Moreover, soft independent modeling of class analogies species discrimination model was established based on milk AA% data, and the internal and external verification accuracy rates were 100% and 92.76% respectively. External validation errors appeared within the Bovidae milk samples. Human milk cannot be classified into any one of the six animals which indicating that the amino acids of human milk and animals were different. Chemometrics cluster analysis is more visual and holographic than traditional descriptive statistics and protein amino acids nutritional evaluation. This study can provide innovative and creative strategies, principles and methods for the evaluation of nutrition and authenticity of dairy products.

Key words： livestock milk; amino acids; principal component analysis; soft independent modeling of class analogies; authenticity; human milk

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