该研究测定了发酵大豆蛋白肽粉的营养成分,其消化吸收特性采用体外胃肠道模拟实验,致敏性评价采用斑马鱼类过敏反应快速检测方法,依据发酵大豆蛋白肽粉诱导类胰蛋白酶的OD值进行判断,肌肉保护作用采用1.5%无水乙醇24 h建立斑马鱼酒精性肌损伤模型。发酵大豆蛋白肽粉的胃消化率由大豆分离蛋白粉的68.57%提高到81.61%,肠消化率由76.35%提高到87.49%;致敏性试验发现发酵大豆蛋白肽粉低、中、高剂量组与正常对照组相比极显著降低(P＜0.001);肌肉保护试验表明发酵大豆蛋白肽粉组相对模型对照组差异极显著(P＜0.01),说明发酵大豆蛋白肽粉对斑马鱼具有肌肉保护作用,其效果与乳清蛋白没有显著差异。总之,发酵大豆蛋白肽粉比大豆分离蛋白有更高的消化吸收率,且致敏性低,对肌肉也有保护作用,因而在预防老年肌肉衰减产品及运动增肌产品开发中具有较为广阔的前景。
The nutritional composition, digestion and absorption characteristics, allergenicity and muscle protection of fermented soybean protein peptide powder were studied. The digestion and absorption were tested with the in vitro gastrointestinal simulation experiment. Allergenicity was evaluated by adopting the method of rapid detection of allergic reaction on zebrafish, and judged by OD value of induced tryptase in fermented soybean protein peptide powder. Muscle protection was assessed by testing muscle damage in zebrafish model, treated by 1.5 % ethanol for 24 h. In vitro digestion simulation experiment showed that, compared with soybean protein isolate powder, the gastric digestibility of fermented soybean protein peptide powder increased from 68.57% to 81.61%, and the intestinal digestibility increased from 76.35% to 87.49%. Allergenicity test showed that low, medium and high dose groups of fermented soybean protein peptide powder were significantly lower than normal control group (P< 0.001). In muscle protection test, compared with model control group, fermented soybean protein peptide group had extremely significant difference (P< 0.01), indicating that fermented soybean protein had muscle protection effect on zebrafish, and its effect was not significantly different from whey protein group. In conclusion, fermented soy protein peptide powder possessed higher digestion and absorption rate. Meanwhile, fermented soybean protein peptide powder has low sensitization and has protective effect on muscle. Therefore, it has a wide range of applications in products for preventing muscle decay in the elderly and muscle-building exercises products.
[1] 杨月欣, 葛可佑.中国营养科学全书上册[M].第二版.北京:人民卫生出版社, 2019:445.
YANG Y X, GE K Y.First Volume, Chinese Nutritional Science[M].2nd ed.Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House 2019:445.
[2] KOZACZEK M, BOTTJE W, KONG B, et al. A comparison of short- and long-term soy protein isolate intake and its ability to reduce liver steatosis in obese zucker rats through modifications of genes involved in inflammation and lipid transport[J].Journal of Medicinal Food, 2021,24(9):1 010-1 016.
[3] REYNAUD Y, LOPEZ M, RIAUBLANC A, et al.Hydrolysis of plant proteins at the molecular and supra-molecular scales during in vitro digestion[J].Food Research International, 2020, 134:109204.
[4] 李堂昊, 布冠好, 陈复生.大豆主要过敏原β-伴大豆球蛋白及其抗原表位的研究进展[J].大豆科学, 2019, 38(5):806-812.
LI T H, BU G H, CHEN F S.Development in major allergen β-conglycinin and its antigen epitopes of soybean[J].Soybean Science, 2019, 38(5):806-812.
[5] MARAMBE H K, SHAND P J, WANASUNDARA J P D.Release of angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) protein under simulated gastrointestinal digestion[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59(17):9 596-9 604.
[6] LAVENS S E, PROUD D, WARNER J A.A sensitive colorimetric assay for the release of tryptase from human lung mast cells in vitro[J].Journal of Immunological Methods, 1993,166(1):93-102.
[7] DA’AS S, TEH E M, DOBSON J T, et al.Zebrafish mast cells possess an FcεRI-like receptor and participate in innate and adaptive immune responses[J].Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 2011, 35(1):125-134.
[8] COFFEY E C, PASQUARELLA M E, GOODY M F, et al.Ethanol exposure causes muscle degeneration in zebrafish[J].Journal of Developmental Biology, 2018, 6(1):7.
[9] 任华丽, 张宏誉.类胰蛋白酶在过敏性疾病诊断中的应用[J].中华检验医学杂志, 2005, 28(8):828-830.
REN H L, ZHANG H Y.Evaluation of tryptase measurement in diagnosing allergic diseases[J].Chinese Journal of Laboratory Medicine, 2005, 28(8):828-830.
[10] 黄玉萨, 谢家骏, 胡风丽.类胰蛋白酶在过敏性疾病诊断中的研究进展[J].中成药, 2016, 38(6):1 355-1 359.
HUANG Y S, XIE J J, HU F L.Research progress of trypsinoid in the diagnosis of allergic diseases[J].Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2016, 38(6):1 355-1 359.
[11] 李世成, 杨则宜, 蔡木易, 等.大豆低聚肽营养吸收特性的研究[J].食品与发酵工业, 2006, 32(10):13-16.
LI S C, YANG Z Y, CAI M Y, et al.The research on nutritional absorbability of soy oligopeptides[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2006, 32(10):13-16.
[12] 陈栋梁. 多肽营养学[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社, 2006:209.
CHEN D L.Polypeptide Nutrition[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press, 2006:209.
[13] 马涛, 林峰, 林单, 等.食源性低聚肽抗过敏活性研究[J].食品科技, 2014, 39(2):27-30.
MA T, LIN F, LIN D, et al.Antiallergic activity of food derived oligopeptide[J].Food Science and Technology, 2014, 39(2):27-30.
[14] 孙长颢. 营养与食品卫生学[M].第八版.北京:人民卫生出版社, 2017:26.
SUN C H.Nutrition and Food Hygiene [M].8th ed.Beijing:People’s Medical Publishing House, 2017:26
[15] QIU J Q, YANG F, LIANG Y H, et al.Effects of whey protein timing on muscle hypertrophyin healthy males during 4-week resistance training[J].Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2021, 53(8S):269.
[16] TANG J E, MOORE D R, KUJBIDA G W, et al.Ingestion of whey hydrolysate, casein, or soy protein isolate:Effects on mixed muscle protein synthesis at rest and following resistance exercise in young men[J].Journal of Applied Physiology, 2009, 107(3):987-992.
[17] VOLEK J S, VOLK B M, GÓMEZ A L, et al.Whey protein supplementation during resistance training augments lean body mass[J].Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2013, 32(2):122-135.
[18] KRITIKOS S, PAPANIKOLAOU K, DRAGANIDIS D, et al.Effect of whey vs.soy protein supplementation on recovery kinetics following speed endurance training in competitive male soccer players:A randomized controlled trial[J].Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2021, 18(1):23.
[19] PIRI DAMAGHI M, MIRZABABAEI A, MORADI S, et al. Comparison of the effect of soya protein and whey protein on body composition: A meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials[J]. The British Journal of Nutrition, 2022, 127(6):885-895.
[20] MORENO-PÉREZ D, BRESSA C, BAILÉN M, et al. Effect of a protein supplement on the gut microbiota of endurance Athletes: A randomized, controlled, double-blind pilot study[J]. Nutrients, 2018, 10(3):337.
