板栗果实中的多酚物质是一种天然抗氧化剂,为了提升板栗资源的附加值,以昌黎地区15个板栗品种为材料,利用超声波提取方法对板栗果实壳外皮、壳内膜、果仁酚类抗氧化物进行提取。结果表明,板栗果实不同部位酚类物质含量差异明显,其中石丰和杂-35板栗壳外皮总酚和总类黄酮含量显著最高,黑燕青壳内膜总酚含量最高,为61.09 mg/g(P<0.05),桐优-33果壳外皮和果仁黄烷醇含量均显著最高(P<0.05);金丰板栗壳外皮DPPH自由基清除率显著最高,分别比广西玉林和广西油栗高57.91%(P<0.05)、63.70%(P<0.05),金平、烟泉、广西油栗等13个品种壳内膜DPPH自由基清除率均在87.00%以上;杂-35壳外皮和内膜羟自由基清除率均显著最高(P<0.05),岱岳早丰、金平、广西油栗果仁羟自由基清除率显著最高;广西油栗壳外皮和壳内膜还原力均显著较高,烟泉和广西油栗果仁还原力均为98.51%,显著高于其他13个品种。主成分分析表明,板栗桐优-33、金丰、石丰品种壳外皮酚类抗氧化活性强,黑烟青、广西油栗、燕红为壳内膜抗氧化能力较强的品种,桐优-33、燕平、杂-35果仁抗氧化能力较强。研究发现板栗壳内膜总酚含量较高,值得深入开发加工利用。
Polyphenols in chestnut fruit are natural antioxidants. To enhance the added value of chestnut resources and phenolic antioxidants in the outer shell, the shell inner membrane and kernel of chestnut fruit were extracted by ultrasonic extraction from 15 chestnut varieties in the Changli area. Results showed that there were significant differences in phenolic content in different parts of chestnut fruit, among which Shifeng and Za-35 had the highest contents of total phenols and total flavonoids in the outer shell. The content of total phenol in the inner membrane of the Heiyanqing shell was the highest, which was 61.09 mg/g (P<0.05), and the content of flavanol in the outer shell and kernel of Tongyou-33 was significantly the highest (P<0.05). The DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the shell outer skin of Jinfeng was significantly the highest, which was 57.91% (P<0.05) and 63.70% (P<0.05) higher than that of Guangxiyulin and Guangxiyouli, respectively. The DPPH free radical scavenging rate of the shell inner membrane of 13 varieties such as Jinping, Yanquan, and Guangxiyouli was more than 87.00%. The hydroxyl radical scavenging rates of Za-35 shell outer and inner membrane were significantly the highest (P<0.05), and the hydroxyl radical scavenging rates of Daiyuezaofeng, Jinping, and Guangxiyouli kernel were significantly the highest. The reducing power of the outer shell and inner shell of Guangxiyouli was significantly higher, and the reducing power of the kernel of Yanquan and Guangxiyouli was 98.51%, which was significantly higher than that of the other 13 varieties. Principal component analysis showed that Tongyou-33, Jinfeng, and Shifeng had strong antioxidant activity in the outer shell of chestnut, Heiyanqing, Guangxi Youli, and Yanhong were the varieties with strong antioxidant capacity in the inner shell, Tongyou-33, Yanping, and Za-35 had strong antioxidant capacity in the kernel. It was found that the total phenol content in the inner shell was high, which was worthy of further development, processing, and utilization.
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