食品与发酵工业 >

2023 , Vol. 49 >Issue 4: 304 - 311

DOI: https://doi.org/10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.031773

综述与专题评论

氨基葡萄糖及N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖的生物合成研究进展

  • 刘歆璐 ,
  • 陈冯千芮 ,
  • 张嘉颀 ,
  • 李建承 ,
  • 王鹏超
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  • 1(东北林业大学 奥林学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨,150040)
    2(东北林业大学 生命科学学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨,150040)
本科生(王鹏超副教授为通信作者,E-mail:pengchaowang1990@nefu.edu.cn)

收稿日期: 2022-03-31

  修回日期: 2022-04-20

  网络出版日期: 2023-03-20

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(31900064);黑龙江省自然科学基金(LH2019C012)

收起

Research progress on the biosynthesis of glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine

  • LIU Xinlu ,
  • CHEN Fengqianrui ,
  • ZHANG Jiaqi ,
  • LI Jiancheng ,
  • WANG Pengchao
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  • 1(Aulin College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)
    2(School of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China)

Received date: 2022-03-31

  Revised date: 2022-04-20

  Online published: 2023-03-20

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摘要

氨基葡萄糖(glucosamine,GlcN)是由葡萄糖分子的第二位羟基被氨基取代后形成的化合物。GlcN普遍存在于动物、植物以及微生物中,是多种聚合物(如甲壳素、壳聚糖)的主要成分。GlcN及N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖(N-acetylglucosamine,GlcNAc)具有抑制炎症、改善皮肤水分的作用,尤其对治疗骨关节炎有重要意义,因此广泛应用于医疗、保健和化妆品行业。目前主要获取GlcN的生产方法包括酸解法和酶解法水解虾蟹类外壳。此类方法存在污染严重,成本高以及效率低的问题。随着代谢工程和合成生物学的发展,使用微生物发酵合成GlcN具有生产条件温和、产品纯度高、生产周期短、不依赖地域季节限制等优点,已经获得广泛应用。该文综述了近年来微生物发酵法生产GlcN和GlcNAc的研究进展。阐述了GlcN和GlcNAc合成途径中关键酶的功能及改造策略,主要竞争性代谢途径及阻断方法;展示了核酶、sRNA动态调控工具在产物合成中的应用;并介绍了关键酶GlmS,菌株基因组的定向进化策略在GlcN和GlcNAc合成中的应用。该文通过这些策略分析和比较展现GlcN和GlcNAc生产的最新进展及未来发展前景。

关键词： 生物合成; 氨基葡萄糖; N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖; 微生物发酵; 合成途径

本文引用格式

刘歆璐 , 陈冯千芮 , 张嘉颀 , 李建承 , 王鹏超 . 氨基葡萄糖及N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖的生物合成研究进展[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2023 , 49(4) : 304 -311 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.031773

Abstract

Glucosamine (GlcN) forms a chemical compound when the second hydroxyl group of glucose is substituted with an amino group. GlcN has become common in organisms including animals, plants, and microorganisms. It is also a main component of the polysaccharides like chitin and chitosan. GlcN and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc), play an important role in inhibiting inflammation and improving skin moisture, especially in treatment for osteoarthritis. As a result, they have been widely applied in the health care and cosmetics industries. Currently, the main methods for GlcN production involve chemical extraction and enzymatic catalysis which hydrolyzes shells of shrimp or crab. However, these methods can lead to severe environmental pollution, high costs, and low efficiency. With the development of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, GlcN synthesized by microbial fermentation has the advantages of mild production conditions, high product purity, short production cycle, and fewer regional and seasonal restrictions, which have been widely used. We introduce methods of enhancing the main GlcN pathway and blocking the branch pathway by modifying key enzymes, the application of dynamic regulatory tools of ribozyme and sRNA, and the application of directed evolution strategies of strain genomes in the synthesis of GlcN and GlcNAc. This review summarizes the latest progress and future development prospects of GlcN and GlcNAc production.

Key words： biosynthesis; glucosamine; N-acetylglucosamine; microbial fermentation; biosynthetic pathway

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