In this study, a strain of Lactobacillus plantarum HFY09 (LP-HFY09) isolated from naturally fermented yak yoghurt was observed, and an animal model of lupus nephritis was established using pristane to verify the effect of LP-HFY09. The related indexes of mouse serum and kidney tissue were detected by kit method, hematoxylin-eosin staining (H&E) method, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Western blot. The experimental results showed that LP-HFY09 could reduce the increase of urinary protein and the increase of serum and renal tissue interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFN-γ) cytokine levels caused by lupus nephritis. LP-HFY09 could also reduce serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) levels and increase total protein (TP), albumin (ALB) levels in nephritis mice. In addition, LP-HFY09 could inhibit the positive rate of anti-double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) in mice with nephritis. Section observation showed that LP-HFY09 could reduce tissue damage such as incomplete glomerular morphology and inflammatory infiltration caused by nephritis. LP-HFY09 can also down-regulate mRNA and protein expressions of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD expressions in the kidney tissue of lupus nephritis mice. These results indicated that LP-HFY09 could play a significant role in interfering with lupus nephritis, and the effect of LP-HFY09 was positively correlated with its concentration, and its effect was close to that of the drug prednisone under the action of 109 CFU/kg.
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