建立一种快速的预处理和准确的重金属检测方法对麻鸡生长过程中各个部位的铬、镉、砷、铅进行精确定量,从而探讨养殖环节的消长规律。样品采用石墨消解法处理,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪在标准模式、氦气碰撞模式、氨气反应模式3种模式下对这4种重金属元素进行同位素的选择和质谱干扰的消除,方法学验证结果表明4种重金属的线性关系良好,R2≥0.999 9,检出限在35.7～68.3 ng/kg,定量限在118.9～227.7 ng/kg,加标回收率在90.9%～109.2%,相对标准偏差≤4.3%。对不同养殖环节的鸡的不同部位的重金属进行检测和分析,重金属的含量虽然均符合国家食品安全标准,但是研究发现镉元素易富集在鸡的肝脏中,砷、铬和铅随着鸡的生长最终富集在肺部。在整个养殖环节中,重金属总量最低的是育成鸡,因此育成鸡是最佳用于生产和食用的麻鸡年龄阶段。
This study aimed to establish a rapid and accurate metal detection method for chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and lead in various parts during chicken growth. Based on the quantitative analysis of these four heavy metals, the change rule of chicken growth was studied. All the samples were processed by graphite digestion method, and four heavy metals were quantitated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in standard mode, helium collision mode, and ammonia reaction mode. The methodology was verified by eliminating the interference of mass spectrometry. Results showed that the good linear range of 4 heavy metals was 0-50 μg/L and 0-5 μg/L with a correlation coefficient (R2) ≥0.999 9. The qualitative detection limits were 35.7-68.3 ng/kg and the quantitative detection limits were 118.9-227.7 ng/kg. The recovery rates were 90.9%-109.2%. The relative standard deviation of reproducibility was less than 4.3% (n=10). Based on this method, the experiment analyzed that the cadmium was easily enriched in the liver of chickens. The arsenic, chromium, and lead were eventually enriched in the lungs during the chicken growth. During the whole breeding process, the total amount of 4 heavy metals was the lowest in the grown chicken, so the grown chicken was at the best age for production and consumption.
[1] 昝梦莹. 我国畜禽肉类产品市场分析与对策建议[J].西北农林科技大学学报(社会科学版), 2021, 21(3):149-155.
ZAN M Y.Market situation analysis and countermeasure proposals of livestock and poultry meat products in China[J].Journal of Northwest A&F University (Social Science Edition), 2021, 21(3):149-155.
[2] 刘晔. 食品中重金属污染危害及其检测方法[J].云南化工, 2020, 47(2):64-65.
LIU Y.Heavy metal pollution in food and its detection method[J].Yunnan Chemical Technology, 2020, 47(2):64-65.
[3] 赵晶, 田丹阳, 李雪雪, 等.影响石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定食品中铅的因素及控制措施[J].食品安全导刊, 2022(4):151-153.
ZHAO J, TIAN D Y, LI X X, et al.Factors affecting the determination of lead in food by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and control measures[J].China Food Safety Magazine, 2022(4):151-153.
[4] 党翠红, 燕群.火焰原子吸收光谱法测定食品中铁的方法学验证[J].食品工业, 2022, 43(2):312-315.
DANG C H, YAN Q.Methodological verification for determination of iron in food by flame atomic absorption spectrometry[J].The Food Industry, 2022, 43(2):312-315.
[5] 孟翠莲, 王晓舟, 朱毅然, 等.微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定鸡组织中铬的含量[J].动物医学进展, 2020, 41(7):93-98.
MENG C L, WANG X Z, ZHU Y R, et al.Determination of chromium contents in chicken tissues by microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 41(7):93-98.
[6] 靳红果, 吕欣,李乐,等.微波消解电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定肉与肉制品中6种重金属元素[J].肉类研究, 2015, 29(4):31-34.
JIN H G, LYU X, LI L, et al.Determination of 6 heavy metals in meat and meat products by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry after microwave digestion[J].Meat Research, 2015, 29(4):31-34.
[7] 王丹. 石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定农产品中7种重金属含量[J].现代食品, 2022, 28(4):214-217.
WANG D.Determination of 7 heavy metals content in agricultural products by ICP-MS with graphite digestion[J].Modern Food, 2022, 28(4):214-217.
[8] 刘文博. 动物源食物中有害重金属残留分析测定方法的研究[D].北京:北京化工大学, 2011.
LIU W B.The study of determination about deleterious heavy metal in animal-derived food[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2011.
[9] 曾丹. 动物源食物中痕量有害重金属元素的ICP-MS及HPLC-AFS分析测定方法研究[D].天津:天津大学, 2013.
ZENG D.Study on the determination methods for trace heavy metal elements in animal derived food by ICP-MS and HPLC-AFS[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University, 2013.
[10] 温洋, 杨露晴, 贺平丽.动物养殖过程中重金属污染途径、体内代谢及安全控制措施[J].中国畜牧杂志, 2021, 57(12):61-66.
WEN Y, YANG L Q, HE P L.Pollution, metabolism and safety control of heavy metals in livestock production[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science, 2021, 57(12):61-66.
[11] 何祥来, 王捍东, 袁燕, 等.微波消解-原子吸收法检测鸡组织中的重金属含量[J].动物医学进展, 2005, 26(1):85-88.
HE X L, WANG H D, YUAN Y, et al.Microwave sample dissolution and AAS determination of heavy metals in chicken tissues[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine, 2005, 26(1):85-88.
[12] 何祥来, 王捍东, 袁燕, 等.上市肉鸡组织样品中铅、镉、铜、铬含量的测定[J].畜牧与兽医, 2005, 37(1):15-17.
HE X L, WANG H D, YUAN Y, et al.Detection of Pb, Cd, Cu and Cr in chicken tissues by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry[J].Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2005, 37(1):15-17.
[13] OYET G I, SAMUEL C B.Safety assessment of the presence of heavy metals and organic pollutants in vended street foods from selected locations in Lagos State Nigeria[J].European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety, 2020, 12(6):109-120
[14] STAKHEEV A A, STOLBOUSHKINA T P.Developing and testing a certified reference material of the lead mass fraction in solutions for measurements using inductively coupled plasma methods[J].Reference Materials,2020,15(4):25-31.
[15] CADAR O, MOCAN T, ROMAN C, et al.Analytical performance and validation of a reliable method based on graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry for the determination of gold nanoparticles in biological tissues[J].Nanomaterials, 2021, 11(12):3370.
[16] GAB-ALLAH M A, SHEHATA A B.Determination of iron, nickel, and vanadium in crude oil by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry following microwave-assisted wet digestion[J].Chemical Papers, 2021, 75(8):4 239-4 248.
[17] SAMUEL H, LEANNE A.Microwave digestion and trace metals analysis of mixed cannabis and hemp products[J].Spectroscopy, 2021, 36(10):48-49.
[18] QIN G W, NIU Z D, YU J D, et al.Soil heavy metal pollution and food safety in China:Effects, sources and removing technology[J].Chemosphere, 2021, 267:129205.
[19] 王东, 刘丽南, 袁筱玄, 等.基于电感耦合等离子体-串联质谱技术测定猪肉和鸡肉中32种元素含量[J].肉类研究, 2021, 35(7):21-26.
WANG D, LIU L N, YUAN X X, et al.Determination of 32 elements in pork and chicken by inductively coupled plasma tandem mass spectrometry[J].Meat Research, 2021, 35(7):21-26.
