芫根是一种药食同源的传统作物,主要生长于高原上,具有抗缺氧和抗疲劳功效。为探索芫根提取物的功能活性以及对肌肉稳态的保护作用,该研究先通过体外自由基清除实验确定了其抗氧化活性。利用长期运动诱导疲劳的小鼠模型,并分别设置空白组、运动组和低、高剂量组。通过组织形态学的观察确定了对肌肉损伤的保护作用。然后分别利用生化指标检测和实时荧光定量PCR实验,对小鼠肌肉分析发现,芫根提取物提高了NAD+/NADH比值,促进ATP合成。通过调节SIRT1/PGC-1α/TFAM通路改善线粒体功能。通过调节Nrf2/HO-1通路有效提高了小鼠的抗氧化应激防御体系。最后通过调节α-肌动蛋白和titin相关基因的表达促进肌肉再生,减轻肌肉损伤。综上,芫根可以增强能量代谢、维持线粒体功能稳定、提高抗氧化防御能力、缓解肌肉损伤和促进肌肉再生,从而发挥维持肌肉稳态的作用。
Brassica rapa L. is an edible and medicinal plant that grows on the Tibetan plateau. It has anti-hypoxia and anti-fatigue effects. To study the functional activity and the protective effect on muscle homeostasis of B. rapa extract, its antioxidant activity of it was determined by in vitro free radical scavenging assay first. Then the long-term exercise-induced fatigue mice were used, and the blank group, exercise group, and low and high-dose groups were set up respectively. Firstly, the protective effect on muscle injury was determined by histological observation. Then, the related biomarkers assays and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR experiments were utilized to analyze the skeletal muscle. It was found that the B. rapa extract could increase the NAD+/NADH ratio and promote ATP synthesis. It also could modulate the SIRT1/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway to enhance mitochondrial function. Then, the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway was regulated and the anti-oxidative stress defense system was enhanced. Finally, it could alleviate muscle injury and promote muscle regeneration by regulating the acta1 and titin-related genes. In conclusion, B. rapa could enhance energy metabolism, maintain the stability of mitochondrial function, improve the ability of antioxidant defense, relieve muscle injury, and promote muscle regeneration, thus playing a role in protecting muscle homeostasis.
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