A new polysaccharide was extracted from Heraclenm dissectum using microwave-assisted enzymatic. After separation and purification by DEAE-52 cellulose column and Sephadex G-100 glucan gel column, the water-soluble polysaccharide of Heraclenm dissectum polysaccharides (HDP) was obtained. High-performance gel permeation chromatography (HPGPC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV spectrophotometry, infrared spectroscopy analysis, Congo red experiment, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis were applied to analyze the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, spatial structure, microstructure, physicochemical properties, and hypoglycemic activity in vitro of polysaccharide. Results showed that HDP-1 was a neutral heteropolysaccharide component and the molecular weight was 11.141 kDa. It was composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose, mannose, rhamnose, xylose, galacturonic acid, and glucuronic acid in the molar ratio of 5.96∶1.95∶1∶1.03∶1.02∶0.29∶0.31∶0.12. HDP-1 was identified as a pyran polysaccharide containing β-type glycosidic bonds and did not have a triple helix structure. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were 0.765 mg/mL and 3.288 mg/mL, respectively, and the inhibition rate showed a dose-dependent increase, suggesting that HDP-1 had a certain hypoglycemic activity. In summary, this experiment was the first to study the polysaccharides of Heraclenm dissectum. It proved its inhibitory effect on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. It provided a theoretical basis for the preparation and application of Heraclenm dissectum polysaccharides in medicine and functional foods.
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