该研究以玉米秸秆纳米纤维素、海藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素钠为成膜基材,辅以蒙脱土对其进行性能优化,以甘油为增塑剂,精油、硬脂酸为改性剂,通过流延法制备复合膜,分别进行单因素和正交试验,对复合膜性能进行测定。通过考察各成膜原料对复合膜机械性能、透湿量、透光率和水溶性的影响情况,确定成膜液最佳配方组合为:纳米纤维素30 g/L、蒙脱土20 g/L、精油2 mL/L、海藻酸钠与羧甲基纤维素质量比4∶1。在此工艺条件下制备的复合膜综合效果最佳,膜厚(0.072±0.03) mm,抗拉强度18.20 MPa,断裂伸长率56.66%,透湿量424.30 g/(m2·d),透光率87.2%,水解时间135 s,复合膜具备较好的工艺性能,具有绿色可降解等优点。随着纳米纤维素含量的增加,复合膜的拉伸强度不断增加,水蒸气透过率逐渐降低,进一步优化了复合膜的工艺性能,使得复合膜更适用于市场上包装材料的需求。该文利用玉米秸秆纳米纤维素制备复合膜,不仅实现玉米秸秆资源的利用,也在一定程度上缓解“白色污染”,拓宽了可降解性复合膜的应用途径。
In this paper, corn straw nanofibrillated-cellulose (NFC) was used to prepare a composite membrane, which not only realized the utilization of corn straw resources, but also alleviated the “white pollution” to a certain extent, and broadened the application way of degradable composite membrane. Corn straw nanofibrillated-cellulose, sodium alginate, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose were used as the film-forming substrate, supplemented by montmorillonite to optimize its performance, glycerin was a plasticizer, essential oils and stearic acid were modifiers. The composite film was prepared by the casting method, and the performance of the composite film was measured by single factor and orthogonal experiments. The influences of each film-forming material on the mechanical properties, moisture permeability, light transmittance, and water solubility of the film were investigated. The optimal formula combination of the film-forming liquid was determined as follows: montillonite of 20 g/L, nanofibrillated-cellulose of 30 g/L, essential oil of 2 mL/L, and the mass ratio of sodium alginate to carboxymethyl cellulose was 4∶1. The composite membrane prepared under this process condition had the best comprehensive effect, and its performance indexes were as follows: the film thickness was (0.072±0.03) mm, the tensile strength was 18.20 MPa, the elongation at break was 56.66%, the moisture permeability was 424.30 g/(m2·d), the light transmittance was 87.2%, and the hydrolysis time was 135 s. The composite film had excellent process performance and achieved the advantages of green degradation. With the increase of nanofibrillated-cellulose content, the tensile strength of the composite film increased, and the water vapor transmittance decreased gradually, which further optimized the process performance of the composite film, making the composite film more suitable for the demand of packaging materials in the market and broadening the market application prospect.
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