As a lipid-soluble pigment, astaxanthin has low bioavailability due to its low solubility and low stability. This study aims to explore the effects of different formulation types of astaxanthin in in vitro digestion and absorption simulation model. A gastrointestinal digestion model in vitro was used to investigate the gastrointestinal release of astaxanthin oleoresin, microencapsulation powder, beadlets, and emulsion formulations. The final digestion products were further applied to the Caco-2 cell monolayer model to investigate the apparent permeability values (Papp), and to compare the bioavailability of different formulations of astaxanthin in vitro. In the digestion of various astaxanthin preparations in vitro, all dosage forms can form stable dispersion systems in the simulated digestive juice except for the oleoresin dosage form. The release rates of oleoresin, microencapsulation powder, beadlets, and emulsion were 14.73%, 93.71%, 89.07%, and 67.11%, respectively. The Papp in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model is 0.058×10-6, 0.483×10-6, 0.461×10-6, and 0.656×10-6 cm/s, respectively. Astaxanthin's microencapsulation powder, beadlets, and emulsion formulations significantly increased the release and penetration of astaxanthin, which effectively improved the bioavailability of astaxanthin.
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