该研究旨在基于可培养方法分析中国不同城市家用冰箱中真菌卫生状况及多样性。选取哈尔滨、北京、青岛、成都、广东5所城市的15台冰箱为研究对象,采用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂(potato dextrose agar,PDA)和麦芽汁琼脂(malt extract agar,MEA)培养基,分别于28 ℃和6.5 ℃条件下培养,对冰箱果蔬篮、冷藏室门搁架、冷冻室内壁、冷藏室空气4个不同采样点的微生物进行分离鉴定研究。结果表明,冰箱中接触表面的平均真菌菌落数为170 CFU/cm2,冷藏室空气真菌总数平均＜1 CFU/m3。可培养方法在60个采样位点共分离获得39个属57个种的216株真菌,其中嗜冷真菌共13个属,47株。冰箱中的优势真菌主要有青霉属(Penicillium)20.37%、枝孢菌属(Cladosporium)18.98%、曲霉属(Aspergillus)12.96%、红酵母属(Rhodotorula)9.72%和线黑粉酵母属(Filobasidium)4.16%,其中青霉属(Penicillium)在5个城市中均有分布,且在不同采样位置中均有分离到。该研究为定向筛选冰箱中优势微生物资源奠定基础,为冰箱抗菌、抑菌评价试验的标准菌株开发提供数据支撑。
刘学孜
,
张晶晶
,
刘冲
,
白飞荣
,
赵贞尧
,
袁帅
,
庞玲玲
,
张永飞
,
张文赵
,
王喆
,
姚粟
. 基于可培养技术的中国不同城市家用冰箱中真菌多样性研究[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2023
, 49(23)
: 275
-282
.
DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.034915
To analyze the health status and diversity of fungi in household refrigerators in different cities in China using culturable technology, 15 refrigerators in Harbin, Beijing, Qingdao, Chengdu, and Guangdong were selected as the research objects. The microorganisms were isolated and identified from four different sampling points: fruit and vegetable basket of refrigerator, door shelf of freezer, inner wall of freezer and air of freezer. Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and malt extract agar (MEA) were used, cultured at 28 ℃ and 6.5 ℃, respectively. The results showed that the average number of fungal colonies on the contact surface of the refrigerator was 170 CFU/cm2, and the average total number of fungi in the air of the refrigerator was less than 1 CFU/m3. A total of 216 strains of 39 genera and 57 species of fungi were isolated from 60 sampling sites by culturable methods, including 47 strains of psychrophilic fungi in 13 genera. The dominant fungi in the refrigerator mainly include Penicillium 20.37%, Cladosporium 18.98%, Aspergillus 12.96%, Rhodotorula 9.72% and Filobasidium 4.16%, in which Penicillium was distributed in all five cities and isolated in different sampling locations. This study lays a foundation for the targeted screening of the dominant microbial resources in the refrigerator, and provides data support for the development of the standard strains of the refrigerator antibacterial and bacteriostatic evaluation tests.
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