CO2气调包装是猪肉常用的包装方式,包装材料的存在可避免猪肉二次污染,包装内的CO2气体可抑制多种有害菌的生长。以无菌空气包装组为对照组(TC),基于食品预测微生物学方法研究CO2对猪肉中单增李斯特菌生长特性的影响。分别应用Baranyi模型、Gompertz模型和Logistic模型构建13、25 ℃贮存猪肉中单增李斯特菌在不同CO2浓度条件下的一级生长模型,用池信息准则(Akaike′s information criteria, AIC)和贝叶斯信息准则(Bayesian information criteria, BIC)对建立的3种一级模型进行拟合优度评价。根据拟合性较好的一级模型获得的生长动力学参数,用Ratkowsky-type模型拟合CO2抑制单增李斯特菌的二级模型。结果表明,Baranyi模型的AIC和BIC最小,拟合性优于其他两种一级模型。20%(体积分数)的CO2即可抑制单增李斯特菌生长,并且CO2浓度越高,抑制作用越强。和TC组比,80%(体积分数)的CO2可将13、25 ℃ 贮存猪肉中单增李斯特菌的迟滞时间(λ)分别延长1.06、2.04倍,最大化生长速率(μmax)分别降低47%和69%,但是对最大污染浓度(Nmax)无显著影响(P≥0.05)。Ratkowsky-type模型可以很好地描述CO2对单增李斯特菌λ和μmax的影响。CO2可以延缓单增李斯特菌生长,但是随着贮存时间的增加,单增李斯特菌能够达到较高的Nmax,需要联合其他控制措施,从不同方面抑制猪肉中单增李斯特菌的生长。
Modified atmosphere packaging of CO2 (CO2-MAP) is widely applied in pork industry. The presence of packaging is capable of avoiding secondary contamination of pork; meanwhile, CO2 atmosphere could inhibit the growth of undesirable bacteria. The growth of Listeria monocytogenes individually in pork packed in aseptic air atmosphere was used as control group (TC); the inhibition effect of CO2 on the growth of L. monocytogenes was investigated on the basis of predictive microbiology. The growth curves of L. monocytogenes in CO2-MAP pork at 13 and 25 ℃ were fitted into three different primary models: the Baranyi model, the Logistic model and the Gompertz model. Then, these three primary models were compared by Akaike’s information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC). The λ and μmax of L. monocytogenes obtained from the primary model with minimum AIC and BIC were employed to develop Ratkowsky-type model. The results indicated that the Baranyi model was more suitable to describe the growth of L. monocytogenes in CO2-MAP pork than other models. The growth of L. monocytogenes is inhibited by 20% CO2 atmosphere, and the inhibition ability of CO2 on L. monocytogenes increased with increasing CO2 concentrations. Compared with TC, the λ of L. monocytogenes under 80% CO2 atmosphere increased by 1.06 times at 13 ℃ and 2.04 times at 25 ℃; the μmax decreased by 47% at 13 ℃ and 69% at 25 ℃. The effects of CO2 on the λ and μmax of L. monocytogenes were well modeled by Ratkowsky-type model. However, although CO2 atmosphere could retard the growth of L. monocytogenes, the bacterium kept growing gradually and reached high Nmax. More hurdles are needed to inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes in pork from different aspects.
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