为了比较牡蛎酶解提取物(enzymolysis extract of oyster, EPO)、牡蛎肽(oyster peptide, OP)和牡蛎水提取物(oyster water extract, WPO)的抗衰老作用,首先进行了基本成分的测定,继而以秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)为动物模型,研究3种牡蛎提取物对线虫的寿命、生殖、脂褐素积累、运动能力、急性氧化应激损伤及体内氧化还原水平等指标的影响。结果表明,EPO、OP和WPO的基本成分有一定的差异,但主要成分均为蛋白质,其中OP的总蛋白质含量最高,为(66.59±0.57) g/100 g干基;与空白组相比,低中高浓度(50、200、800 μg/mL)的EPO、OP和WPO均能延长线虫寿命,但低浓度作用不显著,仅OP能呈浓度依赖性地显著增加线虫的产卵量(P＜0.05),最高可增加80.2%;3种提取物均能显著降低线虫体内脂褐素的积累(P＜0.05),并呈剂量依赖性,最高可达98.15%;高浓度的3种提取物均能显著改善衰老线虫的运动能力(P＜0.05),还能显著提高百草枯损伤线虫的存活率及线虫体内谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶活力,降低丙二醛含量(89.2%～98.2%)(P＜0.05),其作用大小顺序为OP>EPO >WPO。因此,3种不同牡蛎提取物均表现出抗衰老作用,但作用强度有差异,OP的表现最好,研究结果可为进一步开发牡蛎抗衰老食品提供参考。
To compare the anti-aging effects of two oyster enzymatic extracts, including enzymolysis extract of oyster (EPO), oyster peptide (OP), and oyster water extract (WPO), the basic components of the three oyster extracts were determined, and Caenorhabditis elegans was used as an animal model to study the effects of oyster extracts on lifespan, reproduction, lipofuscin accumulation, athletic ability, acute oxidative stress injury, and redox level in the body. Results showed that the basic components of EPO, OP, and WPO were different, but the main components were all proteins. Among them, OP had the highest total protein content with (66.59±0.57) g/100 g dry basis. Compared with control, the low, medium, and high concentrations (50,200,800 μg/mL) of EPO, OP, and WPO prolonged C. elegans lifespan, but the effect was not significant at low concentrations. Between three oyster extracts, only OP significantly increased the egg production of C. elegans in a concentration-dependent manner (P<0.05), with a maximum increase of 80.2%. All three extracts significantly reduced the lipofuscin accumulation in C. elegans (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum of 98.15%. High concentrations of three oyster extracts (800 μg/mL) significantly improved the movement ability of aging C. elegans, increased the survival rate of C. elegans damaged by paraquat (P<0.05) as well as the activity of GSH-Ps and SOD enzymes, and reduced MDA contents in vivo by 89.2% to 98.2% (P<0.05). The effects of three oyster extracts had the order of OP>EPO>WPO. In conclusion, EPO, OP, and WPO showed different anti-aging effects. OP showed the best effect, which could provide a reference for further development of oyster foods for anti-aging.
[1] TANAKA K, NISHIZONO S, KUGINO K, et al.Effects of dietary oyster extract on lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and blood glucose in SD rats, hypertensive rats, and diabetic rats[J].Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2006, 70(2):462-470.
[2] 王力, 肖嵋方, 刘斌, 等.海洋生物活性物质抗衰老作用研究进展[J].食品工业科技, 2021, 42(22):433-441.
WANG L, XIAO M F, LIU B, et al.Research progress on the anti-aging effect of marine bioactive substances[J].Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2021, 42(22):433-441.
[3] SUGAWARA T, SAKAMOTO K.Killed Bifidobacterium longum enhanced stress tolerance and prolonged life span of Caenorhabditis elegans via DAF-16[J].The British Journal of Nutrition, 2018, 120(8):872-880.
[4] 杨志伟, 解万翠.牡蛎资源的产业现状与食品加工研究进展[J].农产品加工, 2023(5):73-77.
YANG Z W, XIE W C.Current industrial status and development and utilization of oyster resources[J].Farm Products Processing, 2023(5):73-77.
[5] 章超桦. 牡蛎营养特性及功能活性研究进展[J].大连海洋大学学报, 2022, 37(5):719-731.
ZHANG C H.Research progress on nutritional characteristics and bioactivities of oysters:A review[J].Journal of Dalian Ocean University, 2022, 37(5):719-731.
[6] 林靖莹, 黄姝玲, 孟鹏, 等.牡蛎多糖制备工艺研究及体外抗氧化活性评价[J].福建师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2023, 39(3):70-77.
LIN J Y, HUANG S L, MENG P, et al.Preparation and antioxidant activity evaluation of oyster polysaccharide in vitro[J].Journal of Fujian Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2023, 39(3):70-77.
[7] JAYAKUMAR T, RAMESH E, GERALDINE P.Antioxidant activity of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, on CCl4-induced liver injury in rats[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2006, 44(12):1989-1996.
[8] TONG Z H, GU W Z, ZHU G, et al.The anti-aging effect of pearl oyster shell powder (POSP)[J].Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1988, 8(4):247-250.
[9] WANG L L, SONG X R, SONG L S.The oyster immunity[J].Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 2018, 80:99-118.
[10] WANG Y K, HE H L, WANG G F, et al.Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) hydrolysates produced on a plant scale have antitumor activity and immunostimulating effects in BALB/c mice[J].Marine Drugs, 2010, 8(2):255-268.
[11] 朱十伟, 薛立英, 高丽, 等.黄芩不同洗脱部位化学成分分析及抗衰老活性研究[J].山西医科大学学报, 2019, 50(2):175-180.
ZHU S W, XUE L Y, GAO L, et al.Study on constituents analysis and anti-aging effects of different eluting fractions of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi[J].Journal of Shanxi Medical University, 2019, 50(2):175-180.
[12] 李大炜. 牡蛎活性肽对D-半乳糖致衰老雄性大鼠性行为及生殖功能影响的研究[D].广州:广州中医药大学, 2018.
LI D W.The effects of oyster active peptides on sexual behavior and reproductive function of D-galactose induced aging male rats[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 2018.
[13] 彭志兰. 牡蛎蛋白源抗皮肤光老化活性肽的分离纯化、鉴定及其作用机理研究[D].湛江:广东海洋大学, 2021.
PENG Z L.Purification and identification of anti-skin photoaging peptides from oyster(Crassostrea hongkongensis) protein and their antiphotoaging mechanisms[D].Zhanjiang:Guangdong Ocean University, 2021.
[14] 王力, 肖嵋方, 陈弘培, 等.牡蛎多肽组分OE-I抗氧化活性及其对秀丽隐杆线虫抗衰老作用[J].食品科学, 2022, 43(3):152-160.
WANG L, XIAO M F, CHEN H P, et al.Antioxidant activity of oyster peptide fraction OE-I and its anti-aging effect on Caenorhabditis elegans[J].Food Science, 2022, 43(3):152-160.
[15] 张雪妍. 太平洋牡蛎酶解产物分离及对小鼠睾丸间质细胞增殖和睾酮分泌的影响[D].湛江:广东海洋大学, 2019.
ZHANG X Y.Purification of enzymatic hydrolysate from oyster Crassostrea gigas and their effects on proliferation and testosterone secretion in TM3 leydig cells[D].Zhanjiang:Guangdong Ocean University, 2019.
[16] 张培丽, 陈雪香, 王群, 等.桑葚多糖T3-3分离及秀丽隐杆线虫抗衰老活性研究[J].天津中医药大学学报, 2017, 36(2):136-141.
ZHANG P L, CHEN X X, WANG Q, et al.Optimization of the extracting parameters of mulberry polysaccharide and its anti-aging activity study[J].Journal of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2017, 36(2):136-141.
[17] 安苗青, 徐雅囡, 卓倩婷, 等.龟鹿二仙胶对秀丽隐杆线虫体内抗衰老作用研究[J].广州中医药大学学报, 2022, 39(8):1863-1870.
AN M Q, XU Y N, ZHUO Q T, et al.Study on the anti-aging effect of Guilu Erxian Jiao on Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo[J].Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2022, 39(8):1863-1870.
[18] 魏伟. 马氏珠母贝肉改善老年斑马鱼学习记忆活性及功效成分的研究[D].湛江:广东海洋大学, 2021.
WEI W.Research on the effect of Pinctada martensii on the learning and memory in aging zebrafish and efficacy components[D].Zhanjiang:Guangdong Ocean University, 2021.
[19] 马晓丽. 芝麻粕多肽延长秀丽隐杆线虫健康寿命的分子机制研究[D].太原:山西大学, 2020.
MA X L.Molecular mechanisms underlying extending healthspan of Caenorhabditis elegans by peptides from sesame cake[D].Taiyuan:Shanxi University, 2020.
[20] 蔡佳琦, 秦小明, 卢虹玉, 等.鲍鱼肌肉酶解产物对秀丽隐杆线虫的抗衰老作用研究[J].食品与发酵工业, 2023, 49(12):106-112.
CAI J Q, QIN X M, LU H Y, et al.Anti-aging effect of abalone muscle enzymatic hydrolysate on Caenorhabditis elegans[J].Food and Fermentation Industries, 2023, 49(12):106-112.
[21] 李振旺. 马鹿角水提物对秀丽隐杆线虫抗衰老作用研究[D].长春:长春工业大学, 2022.
LI Z W.Anti-aging effect of red deer(Cervus elaphus)antler water extract on Caenorhabditis elegans[D].Changchun:Changchun University of Technology, 2022.
[22] LI J, CUI X D, WANG Z H, et al.rBTI extends Caenorhabditis elegans lifespan by mimicking calorie restriction[J].Experimental Gerontology, 2015, 67:62-71.
[23] 李红丹, 王洁, 廖振林, 等.大豆酸奶对秀丽隐杆线虫体内抗氧化和寿命的影响[J].现代食品科技, 2023, 39(4):7-12.
LI H D, WANG J, LIAO Z L, et al.Effects of soybean yogurt on antioxidation and lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans[J].Modern Food Science and Technology, 2023, 39(4):7-12.
[24] 董舒超, 胡慧贞, 彭良才, 等.植物百草枯抗性机理研究进展[J].植物生理学报, 2015, 51(9):1373-1380.
DONG S C, HU H Z, PENG L C, et al.Progress in plant resistance to paraquat[J].Plant Physiology Journal, 2015, 51(9):1373-1380.
[25] 金司仪. 三七粉延缓秀丽隐杆线虫衰老的作用机制及其稳定性研究[D].武汉:湖北中医药大学, 2019.
JIN S Y.Mechanism of Panax notoginseng on delaying senescence of Caenorhabditis elegans and its stability[D].Wuhan:Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, 2019.
