能量代谢水平与马铃薯块茎采后贮藏品质优劣密切相关。为探讨不同贮藏温度下马铃薯品质及能量代谢之间的关系,研究了0 ℃、4 ℃和20 ℃贮藏温度下,马铃薯块茎生理和品质相关指标,以及块茎组织内能量代谢相关酶、物质及能荷的变化规律。结果表明,与20 ℃处理相比,4 ℃贮藏可有效抑制马铃薯茎肉硬度下降和呼吸强度上升,并有效保持马铃薯块茎中能量代谢酶H+-ATPase、Ca2+-ATPase、细胞色素氧化酶和琥珀酸脱氢酶较高活性水平,提高了马铃薯块茎组织内三磷酸腺苷(ATP)、二磷酸腺苷(ADP)、磷酸腺苷(AMP)含量及维持较高能荷;与4 ℃处理相比,0 ℃处理中马铃薯呼吸强度增加2.66 mg/(kg·h)、可溶性总糖含量增高51.67 g/kg,并导致能量代谢相关酶活力下降,引起能量代谢水平降低,不利于长期贮藏;20 ℃贮藏条件下,贮藏前期明显加快了马铃薯块茎呼吸速率和糖类物质的消耗,后期促使块茎过早萌发,能量亏缺严重,贮藏品质劣变严重。因此,4 ℃贮藏温度是良好贮藏品质,维持马铃薯块茎较高的相关酶活力及能荷水平最适温度指标。
The energy metabolism level of potato tubers is closely related to their post-harvest storage quality.This study explored the relationship between potato quality and energy metabolism at different storage temperatures.The physiological and quality-related indicators of potato tubers stored at 0 ℃, 4 ℃, and 20 ℃, as well as the changes in energy metabolism-related enzymes, substances, and energy charge in tuber tissues, were investigated.Compared to storage at 20 ℃, storage at 4 ℃ effectively inhibited the decrease in potato tuber flesh hardness and the increase in respiratory intensity, thereby efficiently maintaining the high activity of energy metabolic enzymes H+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, cytochrome C oxidase, and succinate dehydrogenase in potato tubers.An increase in adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate and adenosine monophosphate were observed, and the high energy charge was maintained in the tuber tissues.Compared to storage at 4 ℃, storage at 0 ℃ increased potato respiratory intensity by 2.66 mg/(kg·h) and total soluble sugar by 51.67 g/kg, and decreased the activity of energy metabolism-related enzymes, leading to reduced energy metabolism level, which was not conducive to long-term storage.At 20 ℃, the respiratory rate of the potato tubers and the consumption of carbohydrates significantly increased at the earlier stage, which caused premature germination of tubers and severe energy deficiency at the later stage, leading to significant deterioration in storage quality.These results indicate that a storage temperature of 4 ℃ is optimal for good quality, as it maintains high enzyme activities and energy charge in the potato tubers.
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