该研究旨在探究莲子心经米曲霉发酵后其产物在细胞层面对特应性皮炎(atopic dermatitis,AD)的潜在治疗作用。通过HPLC监测莲子心米曲霉发酵过程,并采用液相色谱-飞行时间-质谱联用技术鉴定了其特征转化产物结构。在肿瘤坏死因子-α(tumor necrosis factor-alpha,TNF-α)/干扰素-γ(interferon-gamma,IFN-γ)双炎症因子诱导的AD细胞模型中,对米曲霉莲子心发酵前后的不同组分,进行了白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、巨噬细胞来源趋化因子(macrophage-derived chemokine,MDC)、胸腺激活调节趋化因子(thymus and activation-regulated chemokine,TARC)和氧化应激(谷胱甘肽、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和丙二醛)水平的考察。结果表明,通过米曲霉发酵能有效分解莲子心中的异莲心碱及甲基莲心碱,生成小分子苄基异喹啉类生物碱衍生物。在细胞层面的评价结果表明,相比于发酵前,莲子心发酵产物不仅可以更好的缓解模型中HaCaT细胞的氧化应激反应,而且对MDC、TARC和IL-6的分泌具有更强的负调控作用。综上,米曲霉可对莲子心中的特征性生物碱进行转化,且产物在TNF-α/IFN-γ双炎症因子诱导的AD细胞模型中表现出更强的抗炎效果。该研究为后续开发发酵来源的功能性食品、化妆品以及药品提供理论依据和新思路。
This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic effects of Aspergillus oryzae-fermented Nelumbinis Plumula extracts on atopic dermatitis (AD) at the cellular level.The fermentation process of Nelumbinis Plumula by Aspergillus oryzae was monitored using HPLC and the identification of characteristic transformation product structures was conducted through LC/TOF/MS.In an AD cell model induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), different components of the Nelumbinis Plumula before and after fermentation were assessed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and oxidative stress levels (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde).Results indicated that Aspergillus oryzae fermentation effectively decomposed specific alkaloids, such as isoliensinine and neferine, in Nelumbinis Plumula, leading to the small molecule production of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid derivatives.Cellular evaluations demonstrated that the fermented Nelumbinis Plumula extracts not only demonstrated a more effective alleviation of oxidative stress reactions on HaCaT cells compared to the non-fermented counterpart but also exerted a more robust negative regulatory effect on MDC, TARC, and IL-6 secretion.In conclusion, Aspergillus oryzae effectively transformed the characteristic alkaloids in Nelumbinis Plumula, yielding products with enhanced anti-inflammatory effects on a TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced AD cell model.This study provides a theoretical foundation and novel insights for the development of fermented sources in functional foods, cosmetics, and medicines.
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