肠道菌群介导的色氨酸-吲哚丙酮酸代谢在人体生理和病理过程中扮演重要角色,是当前饮食营养防治代谢疾病的关键调控靶点。大豆多糖(soybean polysaccharides, SP)是肠道菌群导向型益生元,可有效促进双歧杆菌等益生菌增殖,改善肠道健康。该研究构建2型糖尿病患者的粪便微生物体外发酵模型,测定发酵液中pH值、总糖含量、产气量以及发酵过程中菌群结构和代谢物组。结果表明,在体外静态粪便菌群发酵24 h后SP添加组发酵液pH值和总糖含量显著降低,且发酵过程中CO2产气量显著升高、H2S产气量降低。SP显著改变2型糖尿病患者肠道菌群的氨基酸代谢途径,显著激活色氨酸-吲哚丙酮酸代谢途径,促产吲哚丙烯酸、吲哚乙酸、吲哚乙醛和吲哚丙酸等吲哚类代谢物,这些吲哚类代谢物的增加伴随着双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的上调,尤其是在未用药的新发病患者粪菌发酵过程中体现更明显。研究结果揭示了SP通过激活肠道菌群介导色氨酸-吲哚丙酮酸代谢,促产有利于肠道健康和血糖调节的吲哚类代谢物,为SP防治代谢疾病产品的研发和应用提供理论依据。
Tryptophan-indole pyruvate metabolism controlled by gut microbiota plays an important role in the physiological and pathological processes of multiple diseases, which emerges as a nutritional target for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.Soybean polysaccharides (SP) are prebiotics oriented by gut microbiota that can effectively promote the proliferation of probiotics, e.g.Bifidobacteria, and improve intestinal health.In this study, an in vitro fermentation model of fecal flora of type 2 diabetes patients, and the pH value, total sugar content, gas production, microbial community structure as well as fecal metabolome during fermentation were constructed.Results showed that SP could effectively reduce the pH value, the total sugar content of the fermentation broth, and H2S production, while increase the CO2 production.The SP activated microbial indole pyruvate metabolism and increased levels of indole metabolites such as indole acrylic acid, indole acetic acid, indole acetaldehyde, and indole propionic acid in the fermentation broth.The increase of these indole metabolites was accompanied with the upregulation of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. Such beneficial effects were more pronounced in the process of fecal flora fermentation in the new-onset patient.In conclusion, this study demonstrates the key function of SP in activating microbial transformation from tryptophan to indole metabolites that are beneficial to intestinal functions and glucose metabolism, highlighting the potential of SP products for combating chronic metabolic diseases.
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