高血脂症严重威胁人类健康,亟待开发安全无副作用的治疗高血脂辅助健康食品,该文从体内角度探究猕猴桃果粉降脂作用,旨在为猕猴桃果粉辅助治疗高血脂症,实现其高附加值利用提供理论依据。将小鼠随机分为5组,高脂饲料组(MD),低、高剂量猕猴桃果粉灌胃组(LFP、HFP),辛伐他汀阳性对照组(BK)及正常饲料的空白组(PC),进行为期13周的饲养后,对比不同组小鼠体重、脏器指数,测定葡萄糖耐受量、小鼠血清生化指标、肝脏生化指标、体内瘦素和炎症因子含量;通过苏木精-伊红染色以及油红O染色显微镜观察小鼠肝脏组织切片,对猕猴桃果粉降脂作用进行深入研究。结果表明,MD组各项指标均出现异常,且和其余各组相比存在显著性差异(P＜0.05);与MD组相比,灌胃猕猴桃果粉后,小鼠各项指标均得到改善,且量效关系明显,与PC组相比,HFP组小鼠肝脏指数、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、丙氨酸转氨酶、天冬氨酸转氨酶、瘦素指标无显著性差异(P＞0.05),炎症因子含量降低;HFP组小鼠肝脏细胞结构清晰,无明显变形,无明显的肝窦扩张,脂滴基本消失不见;说明猕猴桃果粉具调节脂质代谢、减轻肝损伤、缓解高血脂症的作用。
Obesity seriously affects human health, it is urgent to develop a safe and healthy food to treat hyperlipidemia adjuvant without side effects.In this paper, the lipid lowering effect and mechanism of kiwi fruit powder were studied in vivo.The aim is to provide theoretical basis for kiwi fruit powder to assist the treatment of hyperlipidemia and realize its high value-added utilization.The mice were randomly divided into 5 groups:high-fat diet group (MD), low-dose and high-dose kiwi fruit powder gavage group (LFP and HFP), positive control group (simvastatin BK) and normal diet blank group (PC).After feeding for 13 weeks, the body weight and organ index of different groups of mice were compared.Glucose tolerance, serum biochemical indexes, liver biochemical indexes, and the contents of leptin and inflammatory factors in vivo were measured.The liver sections of mice were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and oil red O staining.The effect of kiwi fruit powder on lipid lowering and its mechanism were studied.The results showed that all indexes of high-fat diet group were abnormal, and there were significant differences compared with other groups (P<0.05).Compared with MD group, all indexes of mice were improved after administration of kiwi fruit powder, and the dose-effect relationship was obvious.There were no significant differences in liver index, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase and leptin compared with PC group (P>0.05).The liver cell structure of mice in HFP group was clear.There was no obvious deformation, no obvious expansion of hepatic sinuses, and the lipid droplets basically disappeared.The results indicated that kiwi fruit powder could reduce weight and lipid, regulate lipid metabolism and reduce liver injury.
[1] 钟彩虹, 黄文俊, 李大卫, 等.世界猕猴桃产业发展及鲜果贸易动态分析[J].中国果树, 2021(7):101-108.
ZHONG C H, HUANG W J, LI D W, et al.Dynamic analysis of global kiwifruit industry development and fresh fruit trade[J].China Fruits, 2021(7):101-108.
[2] WANG R C, SHU P, ZHANG C, et al.Integrative analyses of metabolome and genome-wide transcriptome reveal the regulatory network governing flavor formation in kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis)[J].New Phytologist, 2022, 233(1):373-389.
[3] WANG S N, QIU Y, ZHU F.Kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.):A review of chemical diversity and biological activities[J].Food Chemistry, 2021, 350:128469.
[4] LIU Z J, ZHAO X D, SUN W W, et al.Metformin combined with acarbose vs.single medicine in the treatment of type 2 diabetes:A meta-analysis[J].Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2017, 13(6):3137-3145.
[5] THAISS C A, ZMORA N, LEVY M, et al.The microbiome and innate immunity[J].Nature, 2016, 535(7610):65-74.
[6] BEŁTOWSKI J, WÓJCICKA G, JAMROZ-WIŚNIEWSKA A.Adverse effects of statins- mechanisms and consequences[J].Current Drug Safety, 2009, 4(3):209-228.
[7] MIGLIACCIO S, ANDERSON J J.Isoflavones and skeletal health:are these molecules ready for clinical application?[J].Osteoporosis International, 2003, 14(5):361-368.
[8] CAMERINO G M, PELLEGRINO M A, BROCCA L, et al.Statin or fibrate chronic treatment modifies the proteomic profile of rat skeletal muscle[J].Biochemical Pharmacology, 2011, 81(8):1054-1064.
[9] 李琛. 猕猴桃及其鲜榨汁体外抗氧化活性研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2016.
LI C.Antioxidant capacities of different cultivars of kiwifruit and kiwifruit NFC juice in vitro[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2016.
[10] LI H Y, YUAN Q, YANG Y L, et al.Phenolic profiles, antioxidant capacities, and inhibitory effects on digestive enzymes of different kiwifruits[J].Molecules, 2018, 23(11):2957.
[11] 李丽霞. 不同品种猕猴桃皮、肉、籽酚类组分分析及抗氧化活性的研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2018.
LI L X.Analysis phenols components and antioxidant properties of peel, flesh, seed from different kiwifruit cultivar[D].Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2018.
[12] WANG Y, LI H C, REN Y C, et al.Preparation, model construction and efficacy lipid-lowering evaluation of kiwifruit juice fermented by probiotics[J].Food Bioscience, 2022, 47:101710.
[13] ALIM A, LI T, NISAR T, et al.Consumption of two whole kiwifruit (Actinide chinensis) per day improves lipid homeostasis, fatty acid metabolism and gut microbiota in healthy rats[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2020, 156:186-195.
[14] 苏天霞, 袁敏兰, 周艳, 等.猕猴桃皮多酚对高脂膳食大鼠脂代谢紊乱的调节作用[J].食品科学, 2020, 41(17):196-201.
SU T X, YUAN M L, ZHOU Y, et al.Kiwifruit peel polyphenols regulate lipid metabolism disorders induced by a high fat diet in rats[J].Food Science, 2020, 41(17):196-201.
[15] 刘清清. 猕猴桃籽油的体外抗氧化活性及其对高脂诱导小鼠肥胖的缓解作用研究[D].西安:西北大学, 2018.
LIU Q Q.Antioxidation of kiwi seed oil in vitro and its alleviation on obesity high fat-induced mice[D].Xian:Northwest University, 2018.
[16] 李欣. 辣木茯茶功效成分分析及其降糖降脂作用研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学, 2022.
LI X.Study on active ingredient of moringa Fuzhuan brick as well as its hypoglycemic and lipid lowering effects[D].Yangling:Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, 2022.
[17] WANG Y, ZHENG Y, LIU Y, et al.The lipid-lowering effects of fenugreek gum, hawthorn pectin, and burdock inulin[J].Frontiers in Nutrition, 2023, 10:1149094.
[18] ABDELRAHMAN Z R, BUSTANJI Y K, ABDALLA S S.Ethanol extracts of Eriobotrya japonica (loquat) seeds, leaves, and fruits have anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects in rats[J].Pharmacognosy Magazine, 2023, 19(1):56-65.
[19] SHI J H, YAN J Q, LEI Q, et al.Intragastric administration of evodiamine suppresses NPY and AgRP gene expression in the hypothalamus and decreases food intake in rats[J].Brain Research, 2009, 1247:71-78.
[20] WU Y W, PENG W, SHEN J Y, et al.Prognostic nomograms for HBV-related BCLC 0-a stage hepatocellular carcinoma incorporating aspartate aminotransferase to albumin ratio[J].Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 2023, 58(7):789-797.
[21] 尤翠兰, 苏佩清, 周晓霞.黄岑茎叶总黄酮调血脂作用及其机制的研究[J].中国中药杂志, 2008(9):1064-1066.
YOU C L, SU P Q, ZHOU X X.Study on effect and mechanism of scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf total flavonoid in regulating lipid metabolism[J].China Journal of Chinese Mataria Medica, 2008(9):1064-1066.
[22] JIANG Y Y, REZAI-ZADEH K, DESMOULINS L D, et al.GABAergic leptin receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus project to brown adipose tissue-related neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of mice[J].Autonomic Neuroscience, 2023, 245:103058.
[23] 李玉兰. 从中医学角度探讨高脂血症的病因病机[J].四川中医, 2010, 28(3):17-18.
LI Y L.To investigate the etiology and pathogenesis of hyperlipidemia from the perspective of TCM[J].Journal of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine, 2010, 28(3):17-18.
