为改善真空包装猪肉的颜色,延长产品货架期,该文以硅藻土-香芹酚复合物为抗菌、抗氧化剂,以亚硝酸钠为护色保质剂,利用挤出吹塑结合黏结复合法制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯/低密度聚乙烯(polyethylene terephthalate/low-density polyethylene, PET/LDPE)活性包装膜,测定分析添加物及配比对活性膜结构、厚度、含水量、力学和阻隔性能的影响,结合真空包装研究活性膜对猪里脊肉护色、保质的有效性。结果表明,硅藻土对香芹酚负载率达34.97%,硅藻土-香芹酚复合物可降低活性膜中香芹酚的释放速率;活性物质对膜的厚度影响不显著,添加亚硝酸钠后,活性膜含水量增加,力学、气体阻隔性均有所降低,但硅藻土、香芹酚可增加活性膜的断裂伸长率,当复合物添加量<1%(质量分数)时可改善活性膜的气体阻隔性;与只添加亚硝酸钠活性膜比较,添加硅藻土-香芹酚与亚硝酸钠的活性膜可显著提高真空包装猪肉的红度、抑制含氮物质的生成和微生物生长,添加1%及以上硅藻土-香芹酚复合物活性膜将猪肉货架期延长至20 d以上。研究表明,该活性膜在食品包装材料领域具有应用潜力。
Vacuum-packaged fresh meat has deteriorated in color due to the low oxygen environment inside the packaging.To improve the color of vacuum-packaged pork and extend the shelf life of the product, this article used diatomite-carvacrol composite as an antibacterial and antioxidant, sodium nitrite as color and quality preservation agent, and used extrusion blow molding combined with bonding composite method to prepare polyethylene terephthalate/low-density polyethylene (PET/LDPE) active packaging films, studying the effectiveness of additives and ratios on structure, thickness, moisture content, mechanical and barrier properties of active films and assessing the effectiveness of active films in protecting the color and quality of pork tenderloin through vacuum packaging.Results showed that the loading rate of carvacrol on diatomite reached 34.97%, and the diatomite-carvacrol composite could reduce the release rate of carvacrol in active films.The effect of active substances on the thickness of the films was not significant.Sodium nitrite could increase the water content of active films, and decrease the mechanical and gas barrier properties.However, diatomite and carvacrol could increase the fracture elongation of active films.When the amount of composite added was less than 1%, it could improve the gas barrier properties of the active films.Compared with adding only sodium nitrite active film, adding diatomite-carvacrol and sodium nitrite active films could significantly improve the redness of vacuum-packaged pork, and inhibit the generation of nitrogen-containing substances and microbial growth.Adding 1% or more of diatomite-carvacrol composite active films could extend the shelf life of pork to more than 20 days.The above indicates that the active films have application potential in the field of food packaging materials.
[1] DENZER M.Effects of enhancement and nitrite-embedded packaging on dark-cutting beef color[D].Morgan denzer:University of Iowa state, 2018.
[2] CHATKITANAN T, HARNKARNSUJARIT N.Effects of nitrite incorporated active films on quality of pork[J].Meat Science, 2021, 172:108367.
[3] ROBERTS J C, RODAS-GONZALEZ A, GALBRAITH J, et al.Nitrite embedded vacuum packaging improves retail color and oxidative stability of bison steaks and patties[J].Meat & Muscle Biology, 2017, 1(1):169.
[4] CLAUS J R, DU C.Nitrite-embedded packaging film effects on fresh and frozen beef color development and stability as influenced by meat age and muscle type[J].Meat Science, 2013, 95(3):526-535.
[5] YANG X, WOERNER D R, MCCULLOUGH K R, et al.An evaluation of the effectiveness of FreshCase technology to extend the storage life of whole-muscle pork and ground pork sausage[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2016, 94(11):4921-4929.
[6] GANDOVA V, LAZAROV A, FIDAN, H, et al.Physicochemical and biological properties of carvacrol[J].Open Chemistry, 2023, 21(1):20220319.
[7] XIAO L Q, KANG S, LAPU M, et al.Preparation and characterization of chitosan/pullulan film loading carvacrol for targeted antibacterial packaging of chilled meat[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2022, 211:140-149.
[8] ANDRADE J, GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍNEZ G, CHIRALT A.Antimicrobial PLA-PVA multilayer films containing phenolic compounds[J].Food Chemistry, 2022, 375:131861.
[9] 卢俊宇, 朱芮, 吴贺君, 等.茶多酚对可食性马铃薯淀粉/海藻酸钠复合膜性能影响及表征[J].核农学报, 2020, 34(10):2226-2234.
LU J Y, ZHU R, WU H J, et al.Effect of tea polyphenols on the properties of edible potato starch/sodium alginate composite films[J].Journal of Nuclear Agriculture, 2020, 34(10):2226-2234.
[10] CHATKITANAN T, HARNKARNSUJARIT N.Effects of nitrite incorporated active films on quality of pork[J].Meat Science, 2021, 172:108367.
[11] HUNT M C, KING A.AMSA Meat Color Measurement Guidelines[M].Champaign, Illinois USA:American Meat Science Association, 2012.
[12] FANG S Y, QIU W Q, MEI J, et al.Effect of sonication on the properties of flaxseed gum films incorporated with carvacrol[J].International Journal of Molecular Science, 2020, 21(5):1637.
[13] LAMASTRA F R, MORI S, CHERUBINI V, et a.A new green methodology for surface modification of diatomite filler in elastomers[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2017, 194:253-260.
[14] 肖万生, 彭文世, 王冠鑫, 等.吉林长白山硅藻土的红外光谱研究[J].光谱学与光谱分析, 2004(6):690-693.
XIAO W S, PENG W S, WANG G X, et al.Infrared spectroscopic study of Changbaishan diatomite[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 2004(6):690-693.
[15] WU H J, MA L, LI S, et al.Sustained-release antibacterial gelatin films:Effects of diatomite/carvacrol complex on their structure, physicochemical and antibacterial properties[J].Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 2023, 35:101019.
[16] WU H J, LU J Y, XIAO D, et al.Development and characterization of antimicrobial protein films based on soybean protein isolate incorporating diatomite/thymol complex[J].Food Hydrocolloids, 2021, 110:106138.
[17] JEONG S, YOO S.Preparation and properties of sodium bicarbonate-incorporated LDPE films with deodorizing function for kimchi packaging[J].Packaging Technology and Science, 2017, 30(12):781-790.
[18] CHATKITANAN T, HATHDANAI H.Development of nitrite compounded starch-based films to improve color and quality of vacuum-packaged pork[J].Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 2020, 25:100521.
[19] TAO R, SEDMAN J, ISMAIL A.Characterization and in vitro antimicrobial study of soy protein isolate films incorporating carvacrol[J].Food Hydrocolloids, 2022, 122:107091.
[20] AKYUZ L, KAYA M, KOC B, et al.Diatomite as a novel composite ingredient for chitosan film with enhanced physicochemical properties[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2017, 105(Part2):1401-1411.
[21] 卢莉璟, 卢立新, 包俊青, 等.硅藻土添加对HDPE/LDPE基抗氧化活性膜性能的影响[J].包装工程, 2016, 37(15):61-66.
LU L J, LU L X, BAO J Q, et al.The influences of diatomite addition on the performance of HDPE/LDPE antioxidant active film[J].Packaging Engineering, 2016, 37(15):61-66.
[22] ROBERTS J C, RODAS-GONZALEZ A, GALBRAITH J, et al.Nitrite embedded vacuum packaging improves retail color and oxidative stability of bison steaks and patties[J].Meat & Muscle Biology, 2017, 1(1):169.
[23] DENZER M L, MAFI G G, VANOVEREBEKE D L, et al.Effects of glucono delta-lactone enhancement and nitrite-embedded packaging on fresh color, cooked color, and sensory attributes of dark-cutting beef[J].Applied Food Research, 2022, 2(2):100189.
[24] YU T, WU D, LIANG B, et al.Preparation, characterization of Auricularia auricula polysaccharide-based films and application in meat preservation[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 244:125242.
