桔霉素(citrinin, CIT)是具有肝脏毒性、肾脏毒性和细胞毒性的一种真菌毒素。为筛选出降解CIT的酵母菌,该文以新疆托木尔峰酒业酒醅及土壤、阿瓦提红葡萄为原料,经形态学鉴定共得到18株酵母菌。经初筛与复筛确定酵母菌PT降解CIT的效果最好,通过分子生物学鉴定酵母菌PT为毕赤酵母菌属(Pichia属)。进一步研究了酵母菌PT的细胞壁、胞内代谢物和胞外代谢物对CIT降解效果的影响。结果表明,酵母菌PT的细胞壁、胞内代谢产物及胞外代谢产物均对CIT有一定的降解效果,降解率分别为21.2%、20.0%、18.8%,综合分析酵母菌PT对CIT既有细胞壁的吸附作用,也有胞内代谢物、胞外代谢物的协同作用,属于多组分协同降解。另外,酵母菌PT结合其他酵母菌对CIT的降解率基本不变,推测对CIT没有产生协同降解作用;为提高酵母菌PT对CIT的降解效果,研究了酵母菌PT结合物理吸附剂蒙脱土K-10对CIT降解效果的影响。结果表明,酵母菌培养120 h时对CIT降解效果达到73.4%。该研究筛选的酵母菌PT扩大了CIT降解菌的菌种库,为CIT的生物降解提供了一定的参考价值。
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin with hepatotoxicity, renal toxicity, and cytotoxicity.To screen the yeasts that degrade CIT, a total of 18 yeast strains were obtained by morphological identification using Xinjiang Tomurfeng Distillery, soil, and Awati red grapes as raw materials.The effect of yeast PT on degrading CIT was determined by primary screening and re-screening, and the yeast PT was identified as Pichia spp.by molecular biology.To further explore the effects of yeast PT cell wall, intracellular metabolites and extracellular metabolites on the degradation effect of CIT, the results showed that the cell wall, intracellular products, and extracellular metabolites of yeast PT had certain degradation effects on CIT, and the degradation rates were 21.2%, 20.0%, and 18.8%, respectively.Results showed that yeast PT had not only the adsorption effect of cell walls but also the synergistic effect of intracellular metabolites and extracellular metabolites on CIT, which belonged to the synergistic degradation of multiple components.To improve the degradation effect of yeast PT on CIT, the effect of yeast PT combined with physical adsorbent montmorillonite K-10 on CIT was studied.Results showed that the degradation effect of yeast on CIT reached 73.4% after 120 h of culture.The yeast PT screened in this study expanded the strain pool of CIT-degrading bacteria and provided a certain reference value for the biodegradation of CIT.
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