综述与专题评论

苦荞营养成分及其调控血糖机制研究进展

  • 谢勇 ,
  • 饶隐 ,
  • 刘洪仲 ,
  • 施伽 ,
  • 刘雄
展开
  • 1(铜仁学院 材料与化学工程学院,贵州 铜仁,554300)
    2(贵州香柚香生态农业有限公司,贵州 铜仁,554200)
    3(西南大学 食品科学学院,重庆,400715)
第一作者:博士,副教授(刘雄教授为通信作者,E-mail:liuxiong@swu.edu.cn)

收稿日期: 2024-10-26

  修回日期: 2025-01-08

  网络出版日期: 2025-09-29

基金资助

贵州省科技厅自然科学基础研究项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2024]一般685);铜仁学院博士科研启动基金项目(trxyDH2205);2022年国家级大学生创新训练计划项目(202210665013)

An overview of nutritional components of Tartary buckwheat and its mechanism in regulating blood glucose level

  • XIE Yong ,
  • RAO Yin ,
  • LIU Hongzhong ,
  • SHI Jia ,
  • LIU Xiong
Expand
  • 1(School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Tongren University, Tongren 554300, China)
    2(Guizhou Xiang You Xiang Ecological Agriculture Co.Ltd., Tongren 554200, China)
    3(School of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China)

Received date: 2024-10-26

  Revised date: 2025-01-08

  Online published: 2025-09-29

摘要

苦荞是我国西部边远山区的一种重要杂粮,具有抗冻、生长周期短及易种植的特点。苦荞富含生物活性成分如多酚、膳食纤维及蛋白等,具有降血糖、抗氧化、调节肠道菌群等作用。然而,苦荞对血糖的调控机制及其与活性成分之间的关联尚未得到全面认识。于此,总结苦荞主要营养成分含量、结构与分布等信息,综述这些成分对血糖的影响及潜在机制,旨在增进人们对苦荞营养功能的理解,同时为功能性苦荞食品的开发提供参考。

本文引用格式

谢勇 , 饶隐 , 刘洪仲 , 施伽 , 刘雄 . 苦荞营养成分及其调控血糖机制研究进展[J]. 食品与发酵工业, 2025 , 51(17) : 403 -413 . DOI: 10.13995/j.cnki.11-1802/ts.041358

Abstract

Tartary buckwheat is an important miscellaneous grain crops in the marginal and high-altitude mountainous areas of western China, characterized by its resistance to frost, short growth period, and ease of cultivation.Tartary buckwheat is rich in bioactive components, such as polyphenols, dietary fibers, and proteins, and have multiple health benefits, e.g., lowering blood glucose level, antioxidant activity, and regulating intestinal microbiota.However, the mechanism of Tartary buckwheat regulating blood glucose concentration and its relationship with nutritional components have not been fully understood to date.Therefore, the content, structure, and distribution of nutritional ingredients in Tartary buckwheat, and the regulation effects of these ingredients on the blood glucose level and its underlying mechanisms were summarized systematically.Accordingly, this review aimed to enhance the comprehensive understanding of the nutritional functions of Tartary buckwheat, and provided a guidance for the development of functional foods made from Tartary buckwheat.

参考文献

[1] LIU Y X, CAI C Z, YAO Y L, et al.Alteration of phenolic profiles and antioxidant capacities of common buckwheat and Tartary buckwheat produced in China upon thermal processing[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2019, 99(12):5565-5576.
[2] ZHOU M L, TANG Y, DENG X Y, et al.Overview of Buckwheat Resources in the World[M].Buckwheat Germplasm in the World.Amsterdam:Elsevier, 2018:1-7.
[3] GIMÉNEZ-BASTIDA J A, ZIELIŃSKI H.Buckwheat as a functional food and its effects on health[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2015, 63(36):7896-7913.
[4] JIN J, OHANENYE I C, UDENIGWE C C.Buckwheat proteins:Functionality, safety, bioactivity, and prospects as alternative plant-based proteins in the food industry[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2022, 62(7):1752-1764.
[5] ZOU L, WU D T, REN G X, et al.Bioactive compounds, health benefits, and industrial applications of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum)[J].Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 2023, 63(5):657-673.
[6] ZHU F.Chemical composition and health effects of Tartary buckwheat[J].Food Chemistry, 2016, 203:231-245.
[7] WU W J, LI Z G, QIN F, et al.Anti-diabetic effects of the soluble dietary fiber from Tartary buckwheat bran in diabetic mice and their potential mechanisms[J].Food & Nutrition Research, 2021, 65:4998.
[8] LIU J, SONG Y, ZHAO Q, et al.Effects of Tartary buckwheat protein on gut microbiome and plasma metabolite in rats with high-fat diet[J].Foods, 2021, 10(10):2457.
[9] ZHANG Z L, ZHOU M L, TANG Y, et al.Bioactive compounds in functional buckwheat food[J].Food Research International, 2012, 49(1):389-395.
[10] SINKOVČ L, DEŽELAK M, KOPINČ R, et al.Macro/microelements, nutrients and bioactive components in common and Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) grain and stone-milling fractions[J].LWT, 2022, 161:113422.
[11] KE J, RAN B, SUN P Y, et al.An evaluation of the absolute content of flavonoids and the identification of their relationship with the flavonoid biosynthesis genes in Tartary buckwheat seeds[J].Agronomy, 2023, 13(12):3006.
[12] SINKOVIČL, KOKALJ SINKOVIČ D, MEGLIČ V.Milling fractions composition of common (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum) Gaertn.) buckwheat[J].Food Chemistry, 2021, 365:130459.
[13] SPRACKLEN C N, HORIKOSHI M, KIM Y J, et al.Identification of type 2 diabetes loci in 433, 540 East Asian individuals[J].Nature, 2020, 582(7811):240-245.
[14] GBD 2017 Diet Collaborators.Health effects of dietary risks in 195 countries, 1990—2017:A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017[J].Lancet, 2019, 393(10184):1958-1972.
[15] LEE L C, HOU Y C, HSIEH Y Y, et al.Dietary supplementation of rutin and rutin-rich buckwheat elevates endogenous glucagon-like peptide 1 levels to facilitate glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mice[J].Journal of Functional Foods, 2021, 85:104653.
[16] SHEN L, LI C, WANG W X, et al.Buckwheat extracts rich in flavonoid aglycones and flavonoid glycosides significantly reduced blood glucose in diabetes mice[J].Journal of Functional Foods, 2024, 113:106029.
[17] QIU J, LIU Y P, YUE Y F, et al.Dietary Tartary buckwheat intake attenuates insulin resistance and improves lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes:A randomized controlled trial[J].Nutrition Research, 2016, 36(12):1392-1401.
[18] YAN J, XUE Q Y, CHEN W Y, et al.Probiotic-fermented rice buckwheat alleviates high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in mice by suppressing lipid accumulation and modulating gut microbiota[J].Food Research International, 2022, 155:111125.
[19] ZHONG L Y, LIN Y J, WANG C, et al.Chemical profile, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity assessment of the crude extract and its main flavonoids from Tartary buckwheat sprouts[J].Molecules, 2022, 27(2):374.
[20] LEE L S, CHOI E J, KIM C H, et al.Contribution of flavonoids to the antioxidant properties of common and Tartary buckwheat[J].Journal of Cereal Science, 2016, 68:181-186.
[21] DU J, LI H T, HUANG J Y, et al.Insights into the reasons for lower digestibility of buckwheat-based foods:The structure-physical properties of starch aggregates[J].Journal of Cereal Science, 2022, 107:103506.
[22] WANG J L, WU Y X, HAN M R, et al.Effect of environment and variety on the physicochemical properties of Tartary buckwheat starch[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2023, 103(5):2413-2424.
[23] ZHU F.Buckwheat starch:Structures, properties, and applications[J].Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2016, 49:121-135.
[24] SINDHU R, KHATKAR B S.Influence of oxidation, acetylation and hydrothermal treatment on structure and functionality of common buckwheat starch[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2023, 253:127211.
[25] ZHU F.Dietary fiber polysaccharides of amaranth, buckwheat and quinoa grains:A review of chemical structure, biological functions and food uses[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2020, 248:116819.
[26] BHINDER S, SINGH B, KAUR A, et al.Effect of infrared roasting on antioxidant activity, phenolic composition and Maillard reaction products of Tartary buckwheat varieties[J].Food Chemistry, 2019, 285:240-251.
[27] ZHUO Z, YU B, QIAO J W, et al.Effect of high moisture extrusion on the structure and physicochemical properties of Tartary buckwheat protein and its in vitro digestion[J].Food Research International, 2024, 180:114065.
[28] JIN J, OKAGU O D, UDENIGWE C C.Differential influence of microwave and conventional thermal treatments on digestibility and molecular structure of buckwheat protein isolates[J].Food Biophysics, 2022, 17(2):198-208.
[29] LI D Z, ZHU L, WU Q M, et al.Different interactions between Tartary buckwheat protein and Tartary buckwheat phenols during extraction:Alterations in the conformation and antioxidant activity of protein[J].Food Chemistry, 2023, 418:135711.
[30] BHINDER S, KAUR A, SINGH B, et al.Proximate composition, amino acid profile, pasting and process characteristics of flour from different Tartary buckwheat varieties[J].Food Research International, 2020, 130:108946.
[31] ZHU F.Buckwheat proteins and peptides:Biological functions and food applications[J].Trends in Food Science & Technology, 2021, 110:155-167.
[32] RAGUINDIN P F, ADAM ITODO O, STOYANOV J, et al.A systematic review of phytochemicals in oat and buckwheat[J].Food Chemistry, 2021, 338:127982.
[33] PODOLSKA G, GUJSKA E, KLEPACKA J, et al.Bioactive compounds in different buckwheat species[J].Plants, 2021, 10(5):961.
[34] LI H Y, LYU Q Y, LIU A K, et al.Comparative metabolomics study of Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum (L.) Gaertn) and common (Fagopyrum esculentum (L.)) buckwheat seeds[J].Food Chemistry, 2022, 371:131125.
[35] XIAO Y, LI K L, ZHANG H Y, et al.The profile of buckwheat tannins based on widely targeted metabolome analysis and pharmacokinetic study of ellagitannin metabolite urolithin A[J].LWT, 2022, 156:113069.
[36] MARTÍN-GARCÍA B, PASINI F, VERARDO V, et al.Distribution of free and bound phenolic compounds in buckwheat milling fractions[J].Foods, 2019, 8(12):670.
[37] KALINOVÁ J P, VRCHOTOVÁ N, TŘÍSKA J.Phenolics levels in different parts of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) achenes[J].Journal of Cereal Science, 2019, 85:243-248.
[38] CHENG W W, CAI C F, KREFT I, et al.Tartary buckwheat flavonoids improve colon lesions and modulate gut microbiota composition in diabetic mice[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2022, 2022(1):4524444.
[39] WANG X T, ZHU Z Y, ZHAO L, et al.Structural characterization and inhibition on α-d-glucosidase activity of non-starch polysaccharides from Fagopyrum tartaricum[J].Carbohydrate Polymers, 2016, 153:679-685.
[40] ZHANG D Q, WANG L P, TAN B, et al.Dietary fibre extracted from different types of whole grains and beans:A comparative study[J].International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 2020, 55(5):2188-2196.
[41] OH M J, CHOI H D, HA S K, et al.Immunomodulatory effects of polysaccharide fraction isolated from Fagopyrum esculentum on innate immune system[J].Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2018, 496(4):1210-1216.
[42] ALTıKARDEŞ E, GZEL N.Impact of germination pre-treatments on buckwheat and quinoa:Mitigation of anti-nutrient content and enhancement of antioxidant properties[J].Food Chemistry:X, 2024, 21:101182.
[43] CAMPOS C.Chronic hyperglycemia and glucose toxicity:Pathology and clinical sequelae[J].Postgraduate Medicine, 2012, 124(6):90-97.
[44] BODEN G, HOMKO C, BARRERO C A, et al.Excessive caloric intake acutely causes oxidative stress, GLUT4 carbonylation, and insulin resistance in healthy men[J].Science Translational Medicine, 2015, 7(304):304re7.
[45] CHOI S Y, CHOI J Y, LEE J M, et al.Tartary buckwheat on nitric oxide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophage cells[J].Food & Function, 2015, 6(8):2664-2670.
[46] ALMUHAYAWI M S, HASSAN A H A, ABDEL-MAWGOUD M, et al.Laser light as a promising approach to improve the nutritional value, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of flavonoid-rich buckwheat sprouts[J].Food Chemistry, 2021, 345:128788.
[47] PANDE S, RANJAN R, RYAZANOVA M, et al.Buckwheat-enriched diet alleviates bisphenol A mediated oxidative stress via modulation of sirtuin 1 and antioxidant status in experimental rats[J].Food Chemistry, 2022, 373:131507.
[48] KIM S Y, LEE M S, CHANG E, et al.Tartary buckwheat extract attenuated the obesity-induced inflammation and increased muscle PGC-1a/SIRT1 expression in high fat diet-induced obese rats[J].Nutrients, 2019, 11(3):654.
[49] ZHOU Y M, JIANG Y, SHI R H, et al.Structural and antioxidant analysis of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tartaricum Gaertn.) 13S globulin[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2020, 100(3):1220-1229.
[50] NEŠOVIĆ M, GAŠIĆ U, TOSTI T, et al.Distribution of polyphenolic and sugar compounds in different buckwheat plant parts[J].RSC Advances, 2021, 11(42):25816-25829.
[51] YANG J, GU Z B, ZHU L, et al.Buckwheat digestibility affected by the chemical and structural features of its main components[J].Food Hydrocolloids, 2019, 96:596-603.
[52] LIU X W, LE BOURVELLEC C, RENARD C M G C.Interactions between cell wall polysaccharides and polyphenols:Effect of molecular internal structure[J].Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 2020, 19(6):3574-3617.
[53] LUTHAR Z, GOLOB A, GERM M, et al.Tartary buckwheat in human nutrition[J].Plants, 2021, 10(4):700.
[54] WANG L B, WANG L J, WANG T T, et al.Comparison of quercetin and rutin inhibitory influence on Tartary buckwheat starch digestion in vitro and their differences in binding sites with the digestive enzyme[J].Food Chemistry, 2022, 367:130762.
[55] ZHOU Y M, JIANG Q Y, MA S J, et al.Effect of quercetin on the in vitro Tartary buckwheat starch digestibility[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2021, 183:818-830.
[56] WU W J, WANG L J, QIU J, et al.The analysis of fagopyritols from Tartary buckwheat and their anti-diabetic effects in KK-Ay type 2 diabetic mice and HepG2 cells[J].Journal of Functional Foods, 2018, 50:137-146.
[57] PENG L X, ZHANG Q, ZHANG Y H, et al.Effect of Tartary buckwheat, rutin, and quercetin on lipid metabolism in rats during high dietary fat intake[J].Food Science & Nutrition, 2020, 8(1):199-213.
[58] WANG Y, QI W T, GUO X X, et al.Effects of oats, Tartary buckwheat, and foxtail millet supplementation on lipid metabolism, oxido-inflammatory responses, gut microbiota, and colonic SCFA composition in high-fat diet fed rats[J].Nutrients, 2022, 14(13):2760.
[59] REN Y H, WU S S, XIA Y, et al.Probiotic-fermented black Tartary buckwheat alleviates hyperlipidemia and gut microbiota dysbiosis in rats fed with a high-fat diet[J].Food & Function, 2021, 12(13):6045-6057.
[60] ZHANG C N, ZHANG R, LI Y M, et al.Cholesterol-lowering activity of Tartary buckwheat protein[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2017, 65(9):1900-1906.
[61] HE X Q, LI W Z, CHEN Y Y, et al.Dietary fiber of Tartary buckwheat bran modified by steam explosion alleviates hyperglycemia and modulates gut microbiota in db/db mice[J].Food Research International, 2022, 157:111386.
[62] NISHIMURA M, OHKAWARA T, SATO Y, et al.Effectiveness of rutin-rich Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) ‘Manten-Kirari’ in body weight reduction related to its antioxidant properties:A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study[J].Journal of Functional Foods, 2016, 26:460-469.
[63] ZHOU Y M, LU H Y, ZHAO S, et al.The beneficial effects of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn.) on diet-induced obesity in mice are related to the modulation of gut microbiota composition[J].Food Science and Human Wellness, 2023, 12(4):1323-1330.
[64] DODD G T, KIM S J, MÉQUINION M, et al.Insulin signaling in AgRP neurons regulates meal size to limit glucose excursions and insulin resistance[J].Science Advances, 2021, 7(9):eabf4100.
[65] JOHNSON A M F, OLEFSKY J M.The origins and drivers of insulin resistance[J].Cell, 2013, 152(4):673-684.
[66] GURUNG M, LI Z P, YOU H, et al.Role of gut microbiota in type 2 diabetes pathophysiology[J].EBioMedicine, 2020, 51:102590.
[67] LOUIS-JEAN S, MARTIROSYAN D.Nutritionally attenuating the human gut microbiome to prevent and manage metabolic syndrome[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2019, 67(46):12675-12684.
[68] BRITES L T G F, REBELLATO A P, MEINHART A D, et al.Technological, sensory, nutritional and bioactive potential of pan breads produced with refined and whole grain buckwheat flours[J].Food Chemistry:X, 2022, 13:100243.
文章导航

/